LAPT UK

Middle Stage — The Classes

3 classes · Open a class to see its subjects and chapters

▶

CBSE Class 6

🎓 Open this class

Arts 22 chapters

▶ 1 Objects and Still Life 4 classes

Objects and Still Life — part 1

Objects and Still Life — part 2

Objects and Still Life — part 3

Objects and Still Life — part 4

▶ 2 Changing the Typical Picture 3 classes

Changing the Typical Picture — part 1

Changing the Typical Picture — part 2

Changing the Typical Picture — part 3

▶ 3 Portraying People 2 classes

Portraying People — part 1

Portraying People — part 2

▶ 4 Paper Crafts 1 class

Paper Crafts

▶ 5 Seals to Prints 2 classes

Seals to Prints — part 1

Seals to Prints — part 2

▶ 6 Music and your Emotions 6 classes

Music and your Emotions — part 1

Music and your Emotions — part 2

Music and your Emotions — part 3

Music and your Emotions — part 4

Music and your Emotions — part 5

Music and your Emotions — part 6

▶ 7 Musical Instruments 2 classes

Musical Instruments — part 1

Musical Instruments — part 2

▶ 8 Taal or Talam and Raga or Ragam in Indian Music 4 classes

Taal or Talam and Raga or Ragam in Indian Music — part 1

Taal or Talam and Raga or Ragam in Indian Music — part 2

Taal or Talam and Raga or Ragam in Indian Music — part 3

Taal or Talam and Raga or Ragam in Indian Music — part 4

▶ 9 Melodies of Diversity 4 classes

Melodies of Diversity — part 1

Melodies of Diversity — part 2

Melodies of Diversity — part 3

Melodies of Diversity — part 4

▶ 10 Songwriting 2 classes

Songwriting — part 1

Songwriting — part 2

▶ 11 Music and Society 1 class

Music and Society

▶ 12 My Body in Motion 4 classes

My Body in Motion — part 1

My Body in Motion — part 2

My Body in Motion — part 3

My Body in Motion — part 4

▶ 13 Breaking Barriers with Dance 2 classes

Breaking Barriers with Dance — part 1

Breaking Barriers with Dance — part 2

▶ 14 Harmony in Motion 2 classes

Harmony in Motion — part 1

Harmony in Motion — part 2

▶ 15 Dances of Our Land 2 classes

Dances of Our Land — part 1

Dances of Our Land — part 2

▶ 16 Emotions Unveiled! 7 classes

Emotions Unveiled! — part 1

Emotions Unveiled! — part 2

Emotions Unveiled! — part 3

Emotions Unveiled! — part 4

Emotions Unveiled! — part 5

Emotions Unveiled! — part 6

Emotions Unveiled! — part 7

▶ 17 Let’s Design 7 classes

Let’s Design — part 1

Let’s Design — part 2

Let’s Design — part 3

Let’s Design — part 4

Let’s Design — part 5

Let’s Design — part 6

Let’s Design — part 7

▶ 18 In the Company of Theatre 2 classes

In the Company of Theatre — part 1

In the Company of Theatre — part 2

▶ 19 Stories of Shadows and Strings — Puppetry 3 classes

Stories of Shadows and Strings — Puppetry — part 1

Stories of Shadows and Strings — Puppetry — part 2

Stories of Shadows and Strings — Puppetry — part 3

▶ 20 The Grand Finale 1 class

The Grand Finale

▶ 21 Integration of All Art Forms 2 classes

Integration of All Art Forms — part 1

Integration of All Art Forms — part 2

▶ 22 Assessment 5 classes

Assessment — part 1

Assessment — part 2

Assessment — part 3

Assessment — part 4

Assessment — part 5

English 5 chapters

▶ 1 A Bottle of Dew 12 classes

A Bottle of Dew — part 1

A Bottle of Dew — part 2

A Bottle of Dew — part 3

A Bottle of Dew — part 4

A Bottle of Dew — part 5

A Bottle of Dew — part 6

A Bottle of Dew — part 7

A Bottle of Dew — part 8

A Bottle of Dew — part 9

A Bottle of Dew — part 10

A Bottle of Dew — part 11

A Bottle of Dew — part 12

▶ 2 The Unlikely Best Friends 33 classes

Before We Read: Why Friends Matter, and What 'Unlikely' Means

Gajaraj the Lonely Elephant, and the Dog Who Strayed In

The Ride on the Elephant's Back, and the Farmer Who Came

Two Friends Who Stopped Eating

Buntee Runs Back, and the Mahout Finds a Friend

Two Extracts: The Caretaker and the Rope

Four More Questions, and What Was Unlikely About It

Opposites Made with un-, in-, dis- and mis-, and the Crossword

Three Forms of the Past Tense

Choosing the Right Past Form, and Neither/Nor, Either/Or

Listening: The Leopard and the Cow

Let Us Speak: Common Likes and Dislikes

Writing About Your Friend, the Jataka Tales, and Tarra and Bella

Before We Read: What Makes a Sentence a Prayer

The Poem: A Friend's Prayer

Circling the Summary of the Prayer

Two Extracts: Doing More Than Sharing, and Seeing with the Heart

Four More Questions on the Prayer

Blessed, and the Qualities of a Good Friend

Listening to Ajay and Dhiraj, and Speaking as Friends

How Our Friendship Started, and Two Quotations

Before We Read: A Word Grid, and Four Words for Friend

The Chair I: Mario's Bet and the Invisible Chair

The Chair II: The Circle at Break Time, and Who Held Him Up

Let Us Discuss, and the Grandfather's Special Chair

The Technical Problem, and Six Questions About Real Friends

Root Words and Suffixes

Adjectives: Describing Mario, and Adjective-Noun Pairs

Listening to Manu, and Choosing Four Qualities in a Friend

Mario's Messages to Deepa, Asma and Guneet

More Friendship Stories, an Acrostic Poem, and Asking Four Age Groups

The Three Transcripts

Let Us Ponder: Save Water

▶ 3 Neem Baba 28 classes

Before We Read Neem Baba: What a Tree Gives Us

Neem Baba I: The Tree's Own Story and Its Many Names

Let Us Discuss: Filling the Neem Fact Sheet

Neem Baba II: Medicine from Leaves, Bark and Flowers

Neem for the Farmer and for the Home

Let Us Think and Reflect: Four Sets of Questions on Neem Baba

Compound Words, and Verbs in the Past and the Present

Personification, and Listening to Peepal Baba

Leaf Cards, and Writing About a Tree You Like

Azadirachta indica: Where the Names Came From

Before We Read the Poem: Birds, Flight and Hard Work

The Poem: What a Bird Thought

Let Us Discuss: Stanza Ideas, Pictures and One-Word Answers

True or False, and the Straw Nest

Blindness, the Bird's Journey, and Its Neighbours

Rhyming Words, and Words That Describe

Listening to Paro, and Speaking as a Bird

Let Us Write: How the World Looks to a Baby and to a Fish

Let Us Explore: Homes, Nests and the People Who Build Them

Before We Read: What Is a Spice?

Daadi's Letter: The Spices in Every Kitchen

Let Us Think and Reflect: Seven Questions on Daadi's Letter

Let Us Learn: The Spice Table

Modal Verbs, and What Each One Does

The Wonder Herb, and the Spice Headband

Let Us Write: Completing Daadi's Washed-Out Recipes

Let Us Explore: Riddles, and Learning Spices by Smell

The Transcripts: Peepal Baba, Paro and Tulsi

▶ 4 Bibek Debroy 26 classes

Before We Read: Games, Winning, and Four Words

Change of Heart I: Prabhat, Surya and the Changed Scoreboard

Let Us Discuss, and the Night Prabhat Could Not Sleep

Change of Heart II: What Prabhat Saw in Surya

Let Us Think and Reflect: The Two Extracts

Six Questions on the Story, and Words Inside Words

Verbs, Old Actions and New: The Past Perfect

Listening to the Friday Announcement

Please, Thank You and Sorry

Prabhat's Diary Page

Deepika Kumari and Neeraj Chopra

Before We Read: An Evening of Play

The Poem: The Winner

Let Us Discuss: What the Lines Mean

Out of Breath, and Why Night Wins

How the Poet Shapes the Lines, and Personification

Water Bodies, and Four Sporting Riddles

Role-Play, Playtime, and Indigenous Games

Before We Read, and What the Word Yoga Means

The Benefits of Yoga, and the WHO mYoga App

Filling the Yoga Passage, and Four Questions

Practice and Practise, Advice and Advise

A Girl, Her Grandfather, and Speaking Your Yoga Thoughts

Yoga's History, International Yoga Day, and Writing Its Benefits

The Transcripts: The Friday Announcement and the Grandfather

Who Am I? Four Riddles to Close the Unit

▶ 5 Hamara Bharat — Incredible India! 11 classes

Hamara Bharat — Incredible India! — part 1

Hamara Bharat — Incredible India! — part 2

Hamara Bharat — Incredible India! — part 3

Hamara Bharat — Incredible India! — part 4

Hamara Bharat — Incredible India! — part 5

Hamara Bharat — Incredible India! — part 6

Hamara Bharat — Incredible India! — part 7

Hamara Bharat — Incredible India! — part 8

Hamara Bharat — Incredible India! — part 9

Hamara Bharat — Incredible India! — part 10

Hamara Bharat — Incredible India! — part 11

Hindi 13 chapters

▶ 1 मातृभूमि 3 classes

मातृभूमि — part 1

मातृभूमि — part 2

मातृभूमि — part 3

▶ 2 गोल 5 classes

गोल — part 1

गोल — part 2

गोल — part 3

गोल — part 4

गोल — part 5

▶ 3 पहली बूँद 2 classes

पहली बूँद — part 1

पहली बूँद — part 2

▶ 4 हार की जीत 4 classes

हार की जीत — part 1

हार की जीत — part 2

हार की जीत — part 3

हार की जीत — part 4

▶ 5 रहीम के दोहे * 2 classes

रहीम के दोहे * — part 1

रहीम के दोहे * — part 2

▶ 6 मेरी माँ 4 classes

मेरी माँ — part 1

मेरी माँ — part 2

मेरी माँ — part 3

मेरी माँ — part 4

▶ 7 जलाते चलो 4 classes

जलाते चलो — part 1

जलाते चलो — part 2

जलाते चलो — part 3

जलाते चलो — part 4

▶ 8 सत्रिया और बिहू नृत्य 6 classes

सत्रिया और बिहू नृत्य — part 1

सत्रिया और बिहू नृत्य — part 2

सत्रिया और बिहू नृत्य — part 3

सत्रिया और बिहू नृत्य — part 4

सत्रिया और बिहू नृत्य — part 5

सत्रिया और बिहू नृत्य — part 6

▶ 9 मैया मैं नहिं माखन खायो 3 classes

मैया मैं नहिं माखन खायो — part 1

मैया मैं नहिं माखन खायो — part 2

मैया मैं नहिं माखन खायो — part 3

▶ 10 परीक्षा 6 classes

परीक्षा — part 1

परीक्षा — part 2

परीक्षा — part 3

परीक्षा — part 4

परीक्षा — part 5

परीक्षा — part 6

▶ 11 चेतक की वीरता 2 classes

चेतक की वीरता — part 1

चेतक की वीरता — part 2

▶ 12 हिंद महासागर में 7 classes

हिंद महासागर में — part 1

हिंद महासागर में — part 2

हिंद महासागर में — part 3

हिंद महासागर में — part 4

हिंद महासागर में — part 5

हिंद महासागर में — part 6

हिंद महासागर में — part 7

▶ 13 पेड़ की बात 8 classes

पेड़ की बात — part 1

पेड़ की बात — part 2

पेड़ की बात — part 3

पेड़ की बात — part 4

पेड़ की बात — part 5

पेड़ की बात — part 6

पेड़ की बात — part 7

पेड़ की बात — part 8

Mathematics 10 chapters

▶ 1 Patterns in Mathematics 6 classes

Patterns in Mathematics — part 1

Patterns in Mathematics — part 2

Patterns in Mathematics — part 3

Patterns in Mathematics — part 4

Patterns in Mathematics — part 5

Patterns in Mathematics — part 6

▶ 2 Lines and Angles 17 classes

Lines and Angles — part 1

Lines and Angles — part 2

Lines and Angles — part 3

Lines and Angles — part 4

Lines and Angles — part 5

Lines and Angles — part 6

Lines and Angles — part 7

Lines and Angles — part 8

Lines and Angles — part 9

Lines and Angles — part 10

Lines and Angles — part 11

Lines and Angles — part 12

Lines and Angles — part 13

Lines and Angles — part 14

Lines and Angles — part 15

Lines and Angles — part 16

Lines and Angles — part 17

▶ 3 Number Play 13 classes

Number Play — part 1

Number Play — part 2

Number Play — part 3

Number Play — part 4

Number Play — part 5

Number Play — part 6

Number Play — part 7

Number Play — part 8

Number Play — part 9

Number Play — part 10

Number Play — part 11

Number Play — part 12

Number Play — part 13

▶ 4 Data Handling and Presentation 17 classes

Data Handling and Presentation — part 1

Data Handling and Presentation — part 2

Data Handling and Presentation — part 3

Data Handling and Presentation — part 4

Data Handling and Presentation — part 5

Data Handling and Presentation — part 6

Data Handling and Presentation — part 7

Data Handling and Presentation — part 8

Data Handling and Presentation — part 9

Data Handling and Presentation — part 10

Data Handling and Presentation — part 11

Data Handling and Presentation — part 12

Data Handling and Presentation — part 13

Data Handling and Presentation — part 14

Data Handling and Presentation — part 15

Data Handling and Presentation — part 16

Data Handling and Presentation — part 17

▶ 5 Prime Time 15 classes

Prime Time — part 1

Prime Time — part 2

Prime Time — part 3

Prime Time — part 4

Prime Time — part 5

Prime Time — part 6

Prime Time — part 7

Prime Time — part 8

Prime Time — part 9

Prime Time — part 10

Prime Time — part 11

Prime Time — part 12

Prime Time — part 13

Prime Time — part 14

Prime Time — part 15

▶ 6 Perimeter and Area 10 classes

Perimeter and Area — part 1

Perimeter and Area — part 2

Perimeter and Area — part 3

Perimeter and Area — part 4

Perimeter and Area — part 5

Perimeter and Area — part 6

Perimeter and Area — part 7

Perimeter and Area — part 8

Perimeter and Area — part 9

Perimeter and Area — part 10

▶ 7 Fractions 17 classes

Fractions — part 1

Fractions — part 2

Fractions — part 3

Fractions — part 4

Fractions — part 5

Fractions — part 6

Fractions — part 7

Fractions — part 8

Fractions — part 9

Fractions — part 10

Fractions — part 11

Fractions — part 12

Fractions — part 13

Fractions — part 14

Fractions — part 15

Fractions — part 16

Fractions — part 17

▶ 8 Playing with Constructions 10 classes

Playing with Constructions — part 1

Playing with Constructions — part 2

Playing with Constructions — part 3

Playing with Constructions — part 4

Playing with Constructions — part 5

Playing with Constructions — part 6

Playing with Constructions — part 7

Playing with Constructions — part 8

Playing with Constructions — part 9

Playing with Constructions — part 10

▶ 9 Symmetry 11 classes

Symmetry — part 1

Symmetry — part 2

Symmetry — part 3

Symmetry — part 4

Symmetry — part 5

Symmetry — part 6

Symmetry — part 7

Symmetry — part 8

Symmetry — part 9

Symmetry — part 10

Symmetry — part 11

▶ 10 The Other Side of Zero 20 classes

The Other Side of Zero — part 1

The Other Side of Zero — part 2

The Other Side of Zero — part 3

The Other Side of Zero — part 4

The Other Side of Zero — part 5

The Other Side of Zero — part 6

The Other Side of Zero — part 7

The Other Side of Zero — part 8

The Other Side of Zero — part 9

The Other Side of Zero — part 10

The Other Side of Zero — part 11

The Other Side of Zero — part 12

The Other Side of Zero — part 13

The Other Side of Zero — part 14

The Other Side of Zero — part 16

The Other Side of Zero — part 17

The Other Side of Zero — part 18

The Other Side of Zero — part 19

The Other Side of Zero — part 20

The Other Side of Zero — part 21

Physical Education and Well Being 5 chapters

▶ 1 Understanding the importance of Physical education 3 classes

Understanding the importance of Physical education — part 1

Understanding the importance of Physical education — part 2

Understanding the importance of Physical education — part 3

▶ 2 Motor fitness 8 classes

Motor fitness — part 1

Motor fitness — part 2

Motor fitness — part 3

Motor fitness — part 4

Motor fitness — part 5

Motor fitness — part 6

Motor fitness — part 7

Motor fitness — part 8

▶ 3 Introduction to Kho-Kho 9 classes

Introduction to Kho-Kho — part 1

Introduction to Kho-Kho — part 2

Introduction to Kho-Kho — part 3

Introduction to Kho-Kho — part 4

Introduction to Kho-Kho — part 5

Introduction to Kho-Kho — part 6

Introduction to Kho-Kho — part 7

Introduction to Kho-Kho — part 8

Introduction to Kho-Kho — part 9

▶ 4 Introduction to Handball 8 classes

Introduction to Handball — part 1

Introduction to Handball — part 2

Introduction to Handball — part 3

Introduction to Handball — part 4

Introduction to Handball — part 5

Introduction to Handball — part 6

Introduction to Handball — part 7

Introduction to Handball — part 8

▶ 5 Yoga 26 classes

Yoga — part 1

Yoga — part 2

Yoga — part 3

Yoga — part 4

Yoga — part 5

Yoga — part 6

Yoga — part 7

Yoga — part 8

Yoga — part 9

Yoga — part 10

Yoga — part 11

Yoga — part 12

Yoga — part 13

Yoga — part 14

Yoga — part 15

Yoga — part 16

Yoga — part 17

Yoga — part 18

Yoga — part 19

Yoga — part 20

Yoga — part 21

Yoga — part 22

Yoga — part 23

Yoga — part 24

Yoga — part 25

Yoga — part 26

Sanskrit 16 chapters

▶ 1 प्रथमः पाठः 6 classes

प्रथमः पाठः — part 1

प्रथमः पाठः — part 2

प्रथमः पाठः — part 3

प्रथमः पाठः — part 4

प्रथमः पाठः — part 5

प्रथमः पाठः — part 6

▶ 2 द्विततीयः पाठः 3 classes

द्विततीयः पाठः — part 1

द्विततीयः पाठः — part 2

द्विततीयः पाठः — part 3

▶ 3 तृतीयः पाठः 5 classes

तृतीयः पाठः — part 1

तृतीयः पाठः — part 2

तृतीयः पाठः — part 3

तृतीयः पाठः — part 4

तृतीयः पाठः — part 5

▶ 4 चतुर्थः पाठः 4 classes

चतुर्थः पाठः — part 1

चतुर्थः पाठः — part 2

चतुर्थः पाठः — part 3

चतुर्थः पाठः — part 4

▶ 5 पञ्चमः पाठः 3 classes

पञ्चमः पाठः — part 1

पञ्चमः पाठः — part 2

पञ्चमः पाठः — part 3

▶ 6 षष्‍ ठः पाठःठः 3 classes

षष्‍ ठः पाठःठः — part 1

षष्‍ ठः पाठःठः — part 2

षष्‍ ठः पाठःठः — part 3

▶ 7 सप्‍तमः पाठः 4 classes

सप्‍तमः पाठः — part 1

सप्‍तमः पाठः — part 2

सप्‍तमः पाठः — part 3

सप्‍तमः पाठः — part 4

▶ 8 अष्‍टमः पाठः 3 classes

अष्‍टमः पाठः — part 1

अष्‍टमः पाठः — part 2

अष्‍टमः पाठः — part 3

▶ 9 नवमः पाठः 3 classes

नवमः पाठः — part 1

नवमः पाठः — part 2

नवमः पाठः — part 3

▶ 10 दशमः पाठः 3 classes

दशमः पाठः — part 1

दशमः पाठः — part 2

दशमः पाठः — part 3

▶ 11 एकादशः पाठठः 3 classes

एकादशः पाठठः — part 1

एकादशः पाठठः — part 2

एकादशः पाठठः — part 3

▶ 12 द्वादशः पाठः 4 classes

द्वादशः पाठः — part 1

द्वादशः पाठः — part 2

द्वादशः पाठः — part 3

द्वादशः पाठः — part 4

▶ 13 त्रयोदशः पाठः 4 classes

त्रयोदशः पाठः — part 1

त्रयोदशः पाठः — part 2

त्रयोदशः पाठः — part 3

त्रयोदशः पाठः — part 4

▶ 14 चतुर्दशः पाठः 3 classes

चतुर्दशः पाठः — part 1

चतुर्दशः पाठः — part 2

चतुर्दशः पाठः — part 3

▶ 15 पञ्चदशः पाठः 3 classes

पञ्चदशः पाठः — part 1

पञ्चदशः पाठः — part 2

पञ्चदशः पाठः — part 3

▶ 16 षोडशः पाठः 4 classes

षोडशः पाठः — part 1

षोडशः पाठः — part 2

षोडशः पाठः — part 3

षोडशः पाठः — part 4

Science 12 chapters

▶ 1 The Wonderful World of Science 7 classes

Welcome to Science, and Where This Book's Name Comes From

Science as a Jigsaw Puzzle That Never Ends

What This Book Will Explore: Earth, Living Things and Food

Materials, Water, and Finding Out How Hot Something Is

The Pen That Stopped Writing: The Scientific Method in Daily Life

The Five Steps, and Who Counts as a Scientist

Asking Why, Working Together, and a Journey of Five Years

▶ 2 Diversity in the Living World 12 classes

Diversity in the Living World — part 1

Diversity in the Living World — part 2

Diversity in the Living World — part 3

Diversity in the Living World — part 4

Diversity in the Living World — part 5

Diversity in the Living World — part 6

Diversity in the Living World — part 7

Diversity in the Living World — part 8

Diversity in the Living World — part 9

Diversity in the Living World — part 10

Diversity in the Living World — part 11

Diversity in the Living World — part 12

▶ 3 Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body 11 classes

Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body — part 1

Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body — part 2

Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body — part 3

Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body — part 4

Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body — part 5

Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body — part 6

Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body — part 7

Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body — part 8

Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body — part 9

Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body — part 10

Mindful Eating: A Path to a Healthy Body — part 11

▶ 4 Exploring Magnets 7 classes

Exploring Magnets — part 1

Exploring Magnets — part 2

Exploring Magnets — part 3

Exploring Magnets — part 4

Exploring Magnets — part 5

Exploring Magnets — part 6

Exploring Magnets — part 7

▶ 5 Measurement of Length and Motion 8 classes

Measurement of Length and Motion — part 1

Measurement of Length and Motion — part 2

Measurement of Length and Motion — part 3

Measurement of Length and Motion — part 4

Measurement of Length and Motion — part 5

Measurement of Length and Motion — part 6

Measurement of Length and Motion — part 7

Measurement of Length and Motion — part 8

▶ 6 Materials Around Us 9 classes

Materials Around Us — part 1

Materials Around Us — part 2

Materials Around Us — part 3

Materials Around Us — part 4

Materials Around Us — part 5

Materials Around Us — part 6

Materials Around Us — part 7

Materials Around Us — part 8

Materials Around Us — part 9

▶ 7 Temperature and its Measurement 15 classes

Lambok's Fever, and the Question Touch Cannot Answer

Activity 7.1: Why Your Two Hands Disagree

7.2 Temperature, and the Digital Clinical Thermometer

Activity 7.2: Measuring Body Temperature, Step by Step

Why 37.0 °C Is an Average, and the Range of a Healthy Body

Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and How a Temperature Is Written

Why a Clinical Thermometer Cannot Read Boiling Water, and Activity 7.3

Activity 7.4: The Smallest Value a Thermometer Can Read

The Correct Way to Use a Laboratory Thermometer, and Activity 7.5

Activity 7.6: Boiling Water, Melting Ice, and Why Readings Differ

7.3.3 Air Temperature, and Anna Mani

What the Chapter Has Established: Summary and Keywords

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 1 to 8

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 9 to 14

Learning Further: Four Investigations, and Absolute Zero

▶ 8 A Journey through States of Water 9 classes

A Journey through States of Water — part 1

A Journey through States of Water — part 2

A Journey through States of Water — part 3

A Journey through States of Water — part 4

A Journey through States of Water — part 5

A Journey through States of Water — part 6

A Journey through States of Water — part 7

A Journey through States of Water — part 8

A Journey through States of Water — part 9

▶ 9 Methods of Separation in Everyday Life 9 classes

Methods of Separation in Everyday Life — part 1

Methods of Separation in Everyday Life — part 2

Methods of Separation in Everyday Life — part 3

Methods of Separation in Everyday Life — part 4

Methods of Separation in Everyday Life — part 5

Methods of Separation in Everyday Life — part 6

Methods of Separation in Everyday Life — part 7

Methods of Separation in Everyday Life — part 8

Methods of Separation in Everyday Life — part 9

▶ 10 Living Creatures: Exploring their Characteristics 24 classes

A Shell That Does Not Move: The Question That Starts the Chapter

Activity 10.1: Listing What Is Living and What Is Not

Movement: Cars, Drosera and Climbing Plants

Growth, Food, and Breathing: The Stomata on a Leaf

Excretion, and Responding to a Stimulus

Reproduction, and What It Means to Be Dead

The Eight Characteristics Together, and Is a Seed Living?

Activity 10.2: Four Pots, Four Conditions

What the Four Pots Showed: Water, Air and Soil, Light

Seeds That Need Light and Seeds That Need Dark

Activity 10.3: Setting Up Three Beakers

Which Way Roots and Shoots Grow

Jagadish Chandra Bose and the Crescograph

Activity 10.4: Watching a Bean Plant for Three Months

The Life Cycle of a Bean Plant

Mosquitoes, Stagnant Water, and the Safety Audit

Activity 10.5: Which Comes First, Larva or Pupa?

The Four Stages of a Mosquito, and the Silk Moth

Activity 10.6: A Pond After a Week of Rain, and the Spawn

The Four Stages of a Frog

Changes That Keep a Kind Going, and the Chapter's Keywords

The Summary, and the First Two Questions

Seven More Questions: Grain Storage, Tails, and a Wooden Log

Learning Further, and a Poem About Frogs

▶ 11 Nature’s Treasures 10 classes

Nature’s Treasures — part 1

Nature’s Treasures — part 2

Nature’s Treasures — part 3

Nature’s Treasures — part 4

Nature’s Treasures — part 5

Nature’s Treasures — part 6

Nature’s Treasures — part 7

Nature’s Treasures — part 8

Nature’s Treasures — part 9

Nature’s Treasures — part 10

▶ 12 Beyond Earth 10 classes

Beyond Earth — part 1

Beyond Earth — part 2

Beyond Earth — part 3

Beyond Earth — part 4

Beyond Earth — part 5

Beyond Earth — part 6

Beyond Earth — part 7

Beyond Earth — part 8

Beyond Earth — part 9

Beyond Earth — part 10

Social Science 14 chapters

▶ 1 Locating Places on the Earth 10 classes

Locating Places on the Earth — part 1

Locating Places on the Earth — part 2

Locating Places on the Earth — part 3

Locating Places on the Earth — part 4

Locating Places on the Earth — part 5

Locating Places on the Earth — part 6

Locating Places on the Earth — part 7

Locating Places on the Earth — part 8

Locating Places on the Earth — part 9

Locating Places on the Earth — part 10

▶ 2 Oceans and Continents 5 classes

Oceans and Continents — part 1

Oceans and Continents — part 2

Oceans and Continents — part 3

Oceans and Continents — part 4

Oceans and Continents — part 5

▶ 3 Landforms and Life 7 classes

Landforms and Life — part 1

Landforms and Life — part 2

Landforms and Life — part 3

Landforms and Life — part 4

Landforms and Life — part 5

Landforms and Life — part 6

Landforms and Life — part 7

▶ 4 Timeline and Sources of History 6 classes

Timeline and Sources of History — part 1

Timeline and Sources of History — part 2

Timeline and Sources of History — part 3

Timeline and Sources of History — part 4

Timeline and Sources of History — part 5

Timeline and Sources of History — part 6

▶ 5 India, That Is Bharat 3 classes

India, That Is Bharat — part 1

India, That Is Bharat — part 2

India, That Is Bharat — part 3

▶ 6 The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation 7 classes

The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation — part 1

The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation — part 2

The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation — part 3

The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation — part 4

The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation — part 5

The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation — part 6

The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation — part 7

▶ 7 India's Cultural Roots 9 classes

India's Cultural Roots — part 1

India's Cultural Roots — part 2

India's Cultural Roots — part 3

India's Cultural Roots — part 4

India's Cultural Roots — part 5

India's Cultural Roots — part 6

India's Cultural Roots — part 7

India's Cultural Roots — part 8

India's Cultural Roots — part 9

▶ 8 Unity in Diversity, or 'Many in the One' 5 classes

Unity in Diversity, or 'Many in the One' — part 1

Unity in Diversity, or 'Many in the One' — part 2

Unity in Diversity, or 'Many in the One' — part 3

Unity in Diversity, or 'Many in the One' — part 4

Unity in Diversity, or 'Many in the One' — part 5

▶ 9 Family and Community 5 classes

Family and Community — part 1

Family and Community — part 2

Family and Community — part 3

Family and Community — part 4

Family and Community — part 5

▶ 10 Grassroots Democracy — Part 1: Governance 5 classes

Grassroots Democracy — Part 1: Governance — part 1

Grassroots Democracy — Part 1: Governance — part 2

Grassroots Democracy — Part 1: Governance — part 3

Grassroots Democracy — Part 1: Governance — part 4

Grassroots Democracy — Part 1: Governance — part 5

▶ 11 Grassroots Democracy — Part 2: Local Government 4 classes

Grassroots Democracy — Part 2: Local Government — part 1

Grassroots Democracy — Part 2: Local Government — part 2

Grassroots Democracy — Part 2: Local Government — part 3

Grassroots Democracy — Part 2: Local Government — part 4

▶ 12 Grassroots Democracy — Part 3: Local Government 4 classes

Grassroots Democracy — Part 3: Local Government — part 1

Grassroots Democracy — Part 3: Local Government — part 2

Grassroots Democracy — Part 3: Local Government — part 3

Grassroots Democracy — Part 3: Local Government — part 4

▶ 13 The Value of Work 4 classes

The Value of Work — part 1

The Value of Work — part 2

The Value of Work — part 3

The Value of Work — part 4

▶ 14 Economic Activities Around Us 6 classes

Economic Activities Around Us — part 1

Economic Activities Around Us — part 2

Economic Activities Around Us — part 3

Economic Activities Around Us — part 4

Economic Activities Around Us — part 5

Economic Activities Around Us — part 6

Urdu 14 chapters

▶ 1 داع 2 classes

داع — part 1

داع — part 2

▶ 2 ڑچ Ǎ Ǘ ڑایǎ ا اک وھگالسن 3 classes

ڑچ Ǎ Ǘ ڑایǎ ا اک وھگالسن — part 1

ڑچ Ǎ Ǘ ڑایǎ ا اک وھگالسن — part 2

ڑچ Ǎ Ǘ ڑایǎ ا اک وھگالسن — part 3

▶ 3 ولصفں ےک وہتار 3 classes

ولصفں ےک وہتار — part 1

ولصفں ےک وہتار — part 2

ولصفں ےک وہتار — part 3

▶ 4 آِبِ رواں 2 classes

آِبِ رواں — part 1

آِبِ رواں — part 2

▶ 5 ردبع ادیمحل ǎ وری 3 classes

ردبع ادیمحل ǎ وری — part 1

ردبع ادیمحل ǎ وری — part 2

ردبع ادیمحل ǎ وری — part 3

▶ 6 ااسحن اک دبہل ااسحن 3 classes

ااسحن اک دبہل ااسحن — part 1

ااسحن اک دبہل ااسحن — part 2

ااسحن اک دبہل ااسحن — part 3

▶ 7 تنحم یک تمظع 2 classes

تنحم یک تمظع — part 1

تنحم یک تمظع — part 2

▶ 8 َمَƺ یǂ ری وکم 3 classes

َمَƺ یǂ ری وکم — part 1

َمَƺ یǂ ری وکم — part 2

َمَƺ یǂ ری وکم — part 3

▶ 9 اکیک وپدا اور اھگس 1 class

اکیک وپدا اور اھگس

▶ 10 لسنپ یک اہکین 3 classes

لسنپ یک اہکین — part 1

لسنپ یک اہکین — part 2

لسنپ یک اہکین — part 3

▶ 11 ریس وک وسا ریس 3 classes

ریس وک وسا ریس — part 1

ریس وک وسا ریس — part 2

ریس وک وسا ریس — part 3

▶ 12 ایپِمِ لمع 1 class

ایپِمِ لمع

▶ 13 زیمالئ نیم 3 classes

زیمالئ نیم — part 1

زیمالئ نیم — part 2

زیمالئ نیم — part 3

▶ 14 تحص اور افصیئ 3 classes

تحص اور افصیئ — part 1

تحص اور افصیئ — part 2

تحص اور افصیئ — part 3

Vocational Education 6 chapters

▶ 1 Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 13 classes

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 1

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 2

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 3

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 4

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 5

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 6

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 7

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 8

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 9

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 10

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 11

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 12

Kaushal Bodh — chapter 1 — part 13

▶ 2 School Kitchen Garden 9 classes

School Kitchen Garden — part 1

School Kitchen Garden — part 2

School Kitchen Garden — part 3

School Kitchen Garden — part 4

School Kitchen Garden — part 5

School Kitchen Garden — part 6

School Kitchen Garden — part 7

School Kitchen Garden — part 8

School Kitchen Garden — part 9

▶ 3 Machines make our lives easy, and materials 9 classes

Machines make our lives easy, and materials — part 1

Machines make our lives easy, and materials — part 2

Machines make our lives easy, and materials — part 3

Machines make our lives easy, and materials — part 4

Machines make our lives easy, and materials — part 5

Machines make our lives easy, and materials — part 6

Machines make our lives easy, and materials — part 7

Machines make our lives easy, and materials — part 8

Machines make our lives easy, and materials — part 9

▶ 4 Animation and Games 9 classes

Animation and Games — part 1

Animation and Games — part 2

Animation and Games — part 3

Animation and Games — part 4

Animation and Games — part 5

Animation and Games — part 6

Animation and Games — part 7

Animation and Games — part 8

Animation and Games — part 9

▶ 5 Biodiversity 9 classes

Biodiversity — part 1

Biodiversity — part 2

Biodiversity — part 3

Biodiversity — part 4

Biodiversity — part 5

Biodiversity — part 6

Biodiversity — part 7

Biodiversity — part 8

Biodiversity — part 9

▶ 6 Cooking without Fire 12 classes

Cooking without Fire — part 1

Cooking without Fire — part 2

Cooking without Fire — part 3

Cooking without Fire — part 4

Cooking without Fire — part 5

Cooking without Fire — part 6

Cooking without Fire — part 7

Cooking without Fire — part 8

Cooking without Fire — part 9

Cooking without Fire — part 10

Cooking without Fire — part 11

Cooking without Fire — part 12

▶

CBSE Class 7

🎓 Open this class

Arts 20 chapters

▶ 1 Understanding Emotions 12 classes

How Theatre Is Taught in Grade 7: Free Space, Circle Time, Brain Booster and Rubrics

Understanding Emotions Begins: Bharata's Verse, and the Bhava and Rasa You Learnt in Grade 6

Levels Inside One Rasa: Mild Anger, Very Angry, Rage

Activity 1.1: Emotional Corners - The Trial Round with Eight Rasa Placards

Emotional Corners in Full: Four Levels of Happiness, No-Voice Rounds and the Advanced Story Game

Exploring Expression Styles: The Same Emotion Shown Two Different Ways

Styles of Acting Across Cultures: Japan, India, Brecht Style and Method Acting

Natya Dharmi and Loka Dharmi: The Two Styles Bharata Muni Named

Activity 1.2: Pick Your Style! - Chits, Basic and Advanced Rounds, and the Natyashastra Stanza

Ancient Architecture: Navarasa Carved in Stone at Belur, Tanjavur and Elephanta

Dedication of a Lifetime: The Story of Jakanachari, and Activity 1.3: Find a Picture!

Key Takeaways - Theatre and Life, and the Chapter 1 Assessment Rubric

▶ 2 Say More without Speech — Mime 9 classes

What Mime Is: The Umbrella Told in Silence, and Marcel Marceau on the Language of Silence

Mukaabhinaya and the Words of Mime: Facial Expression, Energy, Body Language, Interactive and Pantomime

Activity 2.1: Holding an Imaginary Pencil Box - Full, Filled with Iron, and Empty

Two Rules Before You Begin: Use the Object, Never Become It, and Establish Its Size and Weight

Activity 2.2: Passing an Imaginary Object Round the Circle - Basic and Advanced Rounds

The Three Pillars of a Mime Show: Imagination, Exaggeration, Costume and Make-up

Black, White and Red: The Mime's Costume and Make-up, and Mime as a Universal Language for Equality

Activity 2.3: Group Mime - Taking Away the Sets, Then the Props

Make-up Magic: Create a Mime - Four Situations Drawn and Enacted, and the Chapter 2 Rubric

▶ 3 Let’s Design — Stage Technicals 2 14 classes

Backstage - The Invisible Pillar of Theatre: Roots, Foundations and What Backstage Really Means

The Four Backstage Departments During a Show: Set and Properties, Costume and Make-up, Music, Lighting

Before the Show and After the Show: The Full Backstage Checklist for Every Department

Fifteen to Eighteen People Backstage: Planning, Management and the Life Skills Theatre Teaches

Discipline and Commitment, and Two Masters of Backstage: V Rama Murthy and Tapas Sen

Theatre Skills in My Life, the History of Backstage (Poorvaranga Vidhi) and the Three Bells

Natya Gruha, Nepathya and the Mahavarinis; the Natyashastra Stanza on a Badly Planned Production; and the Green Room

Two Backstage Emergencies: The Injured Actor and the Stolen Bracelet

Script Writing - Write Right: Structure, and the Ramayana as Protagonist, Goal, Conflict and Resolution

Structure Applied to History, and Activity 3.2.1: Knowing Your Main Characters

The Character Arc and Supporting Characters: Activities 3.2.2 and 3.2.3

Scenes: Divisions That Mark a Change in Time, Place or Action

Write Your Own Script! The Step-by-Step Checklist to Draft 1

Key Takeaways - Backstage Makes the Magic Happen, and the Chapter 3 Rubric

▶ 4 Story of India’s Storytelling Tradition 8 classes

Meet Kathanjali: The Storyteller Who Has Lived for Thousands of Years

How Storytelling Began in Bharata, and What Changed in the 2nd Century BCE

Harikathe: Narada Muni, the Bhagavatar Community, and Gururajulu Naidu

Kaavad Katha: The Mango-Wood Picture Box of the Bhaats, and Kaavadiya Khojaram ji

Phad and Thangka, the Forms That Are Dying Out, and Circle Time

Become a Storyteller! Connecting Traditional Paintings into a Story of Your Own

Key Takeaways - Why an Oral Tradition Cannot Be Destroyed, and the Chapter 4 Rubric

Summative Assessment for the Theatre Section: The Individual and Group Activities and How They Are Judged

▶ 5 Making Music 8 classes

Nada: What the Sangita Ratnakara Says Musical Sound Is Made Of

Eight Musical Terms: Aadhara Shruti, Swara, Raga, Tala, Laya, Aroh, Avroh and Sargam

How the Music Course Works: Sur, Laya and Shabd, and the Competencies You Are Working Towards

Listening for Layers: Five Songs, and the Five Elements That Make Music

Activity 5.1: Exploring Songs - Filling the Template for Three Songs of Different Styles

Activity 5.2: Measure Your Accuracy, and Making Music Together - Harmony and Canon

Singing a Canon in Two Groups and in Four, and Music as Teamwork: the Ritvijs of the Shrauta-Yajna

The Five Bhaktis of Sama-gana, Activity 5.3: Chanting Shlokas in a Group, and the Chapter 5 Rubric

▶ 6 Music, Emotions and Creativity 6 classes

Music Carries Rasa: The Abhinaya Darpana on the Audience as a Wish-Fulfilling Tree

Devotional Music and the Shabad: Koi Boley Raam Raam, Sung in the Gurudwara

Lab Pe Aati Hai Dua, and Activity 6.1: The Emotion, the Language and the Words of a Devotional Song

Activity 6.2: Understanding a Phad Painting Through Music

Activity 6.3: Musical Narrative - Turning a History Lesson into a Song

Activity 6.4 Active Listening and Activity 6.5 Act It Out, and the Chapter 6 Rubric

▶ 7 Ragas and Talas/Taal 12 classes

The Natyashastra's Seven Notes, and How Sapta Swara Grew Out of Vedic Chanting

Carnatic Talas: The Seven Talas, the Three Angas, and the Dhruva and Matya Alankaras

Rupaka Tala Alankara, the Swarajati, and the Eight Beats of Adi Tala

Ra Ra Venu in Raga Bilahari: Reading the Heading, the Pallavi and the Anupallavi

Ra Ra Venu: Charanams 1 and 2

Ra Ra Venu: Charanams 3 and 4, and How to Practise the Whole Composition

Hindustani Music: Twelve Notes, the Samay Chakra, and Jhaptala, Rupak and Ektaal

Raga Bhairavi: The Sargam Geet in Ektaal, and the Raga's Full Description

Raga Bhairavi in Teentaal: The Chota Khayal 'Kaisi Ye Bhalai Re Kanhai'

Raga Bhairavi Tarana in Teentaal: Singing Syllables Instead of Words

Ustad Zakir Hussain, and Activity 7.1: Playing the Tabla

Chapter 7 Exercises: Talas, Angas and Scrambled Raga Names, and the Assessment Rubric

▶ 8 The Music of the People 11 classes

Lok Sangeet: The Music of and by the People, and Five Instruments to Name

A Bihu Geet by Bhupen Hazarika: What a Form Is, and the Spirit of Bohag Bihu

Activity 8.1: Learning and Presenting a Folk Song of Your Own Region

Unique Voices, and Activity 8.2: Four Unconventional Singers

Activity 8.3: A Lullaby from Your Family, and Activity 8.4: Qawwali and Who May Sing It

Women in Music: Mirabai and the Bhajan 'Payoji Maine', and Activity 8.5 on Lal Ded

Music and Social Reform: Annamacharya and 'Brahmam Okate'

Charankavi Mukunda Das and 'Baan Eshechey', and Activity 8.6: Voice for Change

Instruments and Regions: The Sangeet Ratnakar on Deshi Music, and Activity 8.7

Activity 8.8: Mapping Eighteen Instruments onto the Map of India

Activity 8.9: Know Your Musician, and the Chapter 8 Rubric

▶ 9 Performance 6 classes

Plan, Prepare, Perform: Activity 9.1 - Visualising the Performance

Activity 9.2: Building the Song List, and the Invocation 'Swagatham Shubha Swagatham'

Activity 9.3: A Folk Song from Another Tradition - the Odia Song of Chaita Paraba

Part B: Prepare - Activity 9.4, Rehearsal and Feedback

Activity 9.5: Production, Promotion and Support, and Activity 9.6: The Final Performance

The Chapter 9 Rubric and the Music Section's Summative Assessment

▶ 10 Dance and Sculpture 11 classes

The Vishnudharmottara Purana: Why Sculpture Cannot Be Understood Without Dance

How the Dance Course Works: Twelve Pedagogical Principles and Four Curricular Goals

The Dancing Body in Sculpture: King Vajra, Sage Markandeya and the Chain of Three Arts

Arms and Angles: Geometrical Shapes in Dance, and the Five Upper-Torso Postures

Activity 10.1: My Body in Various Shapes, and the Postures of the Lower Torso

Activity 10.2: Dancing Sculptures - Temples, Angles and Postures to Try

Asamyuta Hastas: The Twenty-Eight Single-Hand Gestures

Samyuta Hastas: The Twenty-Four Double-Hand Gestures

Activity 10.3: Hastas in Sculptures, and the Natyashastra Shloka on the Eight Rasas

The Nine Emotions in a Garden: From Sringara to Shanta

Activity 10.4: Matching Emotions with Our Chores, and the Chapter 10 Rubric

▶ 11 Dance Vocabulary and Techniques 12 classes

Nritta, Nritya and Natya: The Abhinaya Darpana's Three Definitions

Activity 11.1: The Foot Positions of Nritta, and Rhythms of Five, Six and Seven Beats

Five Beats as Two and Three: The Two Printed Step Combinations

Six Beats as Three and Three: The Two Printed Step Combinations

Seven Beats as Three and Four: The Two Printed Step Combinations

Nritya: The Abhinaya Darpana Shloka on Hand, Eye, Mind, Bhava and Rasa

Activity 11.2: Ten Samyuta Hastas and What Each One Is Used For

Activity 11.3: Speaking in Hastas - The Four Printed Phrases

From Phrases to Full Sentences, and Jumps, Utplavana, Pirouettes and Bhramaris

Activity 11.4: Four Jumps and Two Pirouettes

Animal Jumps and Spins, and Where They Live in Yakshagana, Kalbelia, Pung Cholom and Kathak

Activity 11.5: Six Dance Forms to Watch, Activity 11.6: Storytelling and Mookaabhinaya, and the Rubric

▶ 12 Dance, You and Creativity 6 classes

The Kati: Twisting, Side-to-Side and Back-and-Front Hip Movements

Circular Hip Movement, and Activity 12.1: Dance with Hip Movements

Beyond Boundaries: Men in Female Roles, and the Bhagavata Mela Natakam of Melattur

Ankiya Bhaona of Assam, and Activity 12.2: Character, Costume and Mask

Transition and Transformation: Rabindra Nritya and the Uday Shankar Style

Choreography from Stage to Screen, Activity 12.3: My Creative Dance, and the Chapter 12 Rubric

▶ 13 Personalities 2 classes

Shambhu Maharaj: Scion of the Lucknow Gharana of Kathak

Kedar Nath Sahu of Seraikella Chhau, Activity 13.1, and the Chapter 13 Rubric

▶ 14 Natya 7 classes

Natya: Storytelling Through Performance, and Grandma Begins the Story

The Story of Krishna and Kaliya, and Why Every Play Begins with a Salutation

The Salutation: Gajavadana Beduve of Purandara Dasa, Word by Word

The Benediction, and Activity 14.1: Choosing the Dance Elements

The Six Sections of the Natya, Music Selection and Choreography

Costumes and Props, Activity 14.2: Practise and Presentation, and the Chapter 14 Rubric

Summative Assessment for the Dance Section: The Individual and Group Tasks

▶ 15 Objects in Icons and Symbols 12 classes

The Chitrasutra on Painting: Foremost Among the Arts

How the Visual Arts Course Works: The Classroom, the Pedagogy and the Competencies

What an Icon Is, and What This Chapter Will Teach

Activity 15.1: Positive and Negative Space in Simple Icons

Create Stencils from Objects: The Six Printed Steps

Activity 15.2: One Object, Four Ways - Contour, Silhouette, Shading and Icon

Make a Contour: Observing, Measuring with a Pencil, and Drawing

Make a Silhouette, and Two Shading Techniques: Cross-Hatching and Stippling

Shading Step by Step, and Making the Icon of Your Object

Activity 15.3: Icons for Signages in Your School

Activity 15.4: Objects as Symbols - the Dharma Chakra and the Round Spectacles

Matching the Terminology, Peer Assessment, and the Chapter 15 Rubric

▶ 16 Nature’s Palette 4 classes

Nature’s Palette — part 1

Nature’s Palette — part 2

Nature’s Palette — part 3

Nature’s Palette — part 4

▶ 17 How You Feel 3 classes

How You Feel — part 1

How You Feel — part 2

How You Feel — part 3

▶ 18 Textiles and Traditions 7 classes

Motifs and Their Meanings: Parrot, Paisley, Peacock, Lines and Dots

Threading Stories: Dhaaga, Soodi and the Curtain That Spoke

The Curtain's Patchwork: Embroidery, Crochet, Tassels, Warp and Weft

Activity 18.1: Making a Fabric Journal

Activity 18.2: Nine Embroidery Traditions of India

Activity 18.3: The Basic Stitches, Step by Step

Activity 18.4: Your Own Textile Artwork, and the Chapter Assessment

▶ 19 The Art of Calligraphy 8 classes

Scripts That Carry a Language: From Brahmi to the Handwritten Constitution

What Calligraphy Is: Letters, Styles, and the Tools of the Art

Activity 19.1: Looking at Letters — The Rupee Symbol and the Logos

Activity 19.2: The Letter Hunt

Activity 19.3: Similar but Different — The Anatomy of a Letter

Activity 19.4: Writing Like We Speak

Activity 19.5: Calligraphy in Posters

The Chapter Assessment, and the Summative Assessment

▶ 20 Integration of All Art Forms — Sculptures Come Alive! 4 classes

Art as a Language, and Activity 20.1: Stories in Stone — Preparation

Story Creation: Building a Narrative from the Sculptures

Bringing the Story Alive: Visual Art, Movement, Dialogue and Music

Folk Storytelling, Rehearsal, Performance and Reflection

English 5 chapters

▶ 1 LEARNING TOGETHER 39 classes

Unit 1 Learning Together: Before We Read The Day the River Spoke

Let us read I: A Big Bright Tear and a Sleepy Voice by the River

Let us read II: The River's Advice, the Ships, and the Walk to School

Let us discuss: The Question-and-Answer Table, and Jahnavi's Promise

Let us think and reflect I: Extract 1 on the River's Tone, and Extract 2 on 'It's up to you'

Let us think and reflect II: Seven Questions on the Story, and Why 'River' Takes a Capital Letter

Let us learn II, III and IV: Nine Sound Words, Words India Gave English, and Four Indian Boats

Let us learn V and VI: The Water-Transport Crossword, and What a Preposition Does

Let us learn VI and VII: Preposition or Adverb, and Jahnavi's First Day at School

Let us learn VII (4-8), and Let us listen I: Five Speakers on School Life

Let us listen II and Let us speak I and II: Matching the Speakers, and Asking For and Giving Advice

Let us explore I and II, and Let us write: Observing Nature

Let us explore III and IV: Reading the Poster on Girls' Education, and Schemes for the Girl Child

Try Again: Before We Read, Who Inspires You and What the Six Pictures Say

Let us read: 'Try Again' by Eliza Cook, King Bruce and the Spider's Nine Attempts

Let us discuss I to V: The Summary Blanks, Narrative Style, Alliteration, Repetition and Rhyme Scheme

Let us discuss VI: Metaphor and Simile, Marking M or S and Turning One into the Other

Let us think and reflect I: Extract 1, 'low despair' and the 'silken filmy clue'

Let us think and reflect: Extract 2 and the Six Questions, and Let us learn I: Opposites

Let us learn II and III: toil, brace, endeavour and strive, and Sorting Distance Words Far or Near

Let us learn IV and Let us listen: The Tongue Twister, and the Story of the Ant

Let us speak: Narrating a Time You Refused to Give Up, in Seven Steps

Let us write and Let us explore I to III: The Letter to Your Cousin, and Weaving a Spider Web

Let us explore III: Finishing and Decorating the Spider Web, Figs. 1 to 4

Three Days to See: Before We Read, A Place You Liked and Your Five Senses

Let us read I: What Helen Keller's Hands Can Find, and Day One

Let us read II: Day Two at the Museums and Day Three in the City

Let us read III and Let us discuss I: 'Use Your Eyes as if Tomorrow You Would Be Stricken Blind'

Let us discuss II and III, and Let us think and reflect Extract 1: The Three-Day Table and the Window of the Soul

Let us think and reflect: Extract 2 on the 'thrilling miracle', and the Six Questions on the Text

Let us learn I and II, and Modal Verbs: Sensory Words, 'should' plus a Main Verb

Let us learn III and IV: Modals 3 to 5, and Choosing the Right Modal for Seven Situations

Let us listen and Let us speak: Anuj and His Mother on Braille, and One Minute on a Sense

Let us write and Let us explore I: A Descriptive Paragraph, and Louis Braille's Code of Raised Dots

Let us explore I to III: Writing Your Name in Braille, the International Day, and Indian Sign Language

TRANSCRIPTS, The Day the River Spoke: Speakers (i) to (iv), Father, Grandmother, Teacher and Student

TRANSCRIPTS: Speaker (v) the Principal, and Try Again, the Ant Who Would Not Give Up, Part 1

TRANSCRIPTS: The Ant's Chain of Friends, and Three Days to See, Anuj Meets Tara's Braille

TRANSCRIPTS: Digital India, Screen Readers and the Right Mindset, and the Four True Statements

▶ 2 WIT AND HUMOUR 47 classes

Unit 2 Wit and Humour: Before We Read Animals, Birds, and Dr. Dolittle

Let us read I: The Cat’s-food-Man’s Suggestion, and Polynesia’s Bird Language

Talking with Ears, Feet and Tails, and Let us discuss I to III

Let us read II: The Plough Horse Who Needed Spectacles

Green Spectacles, and Why the Garden Filled with Animals

A Door for Every Kind of Animal, Fame Abroad, and Let us discuss I and II

Let us discuss III: Ten Events to Put in Order, and Let us think and reflect Extract 1

Extracts 1 and 2: ‘Good Gracious!’, the Analogy, and the Plough Horse’s Complaint

Let us think and reflect II (3 to 5), and Let us learn I: Three Kinds of Compound Word

Let us learn II and III: Building Compound Words, and Animals Hidden in Sentences

Let us learn IV and V: Palindromes, and Underlining the Verbs

Let us learn VI and Let us listen: Present Perfect Practice, and Dr. Dolittle’s New Clinic

Let us speak: Four Problems and the Doctor-and-Patient Cue Cards

Let us write: A Notice about the Annual Health Check-up

Let us explore I to III: The Goshala, Animal Welfare in Ayurveda, and Stray Animals

A Funny Man: Before We Read — Things I Find Funny

Let us read: ‘A Funny Man’ by Natalie Joan

Let us discuss I to V: True Statements, Word Clues, Tone, Rhyme Scheme and Inversion

Let us discuss V.2 and VI, and Let us think and reflect Extract 1: ‘Your Highness’ and the Currant Bun

Extract 2 and the Five Questions, and Let us learn: What a Phrasal Verb Is

Let us learn I and II: take up, take after, take in, take over, take off

Framing Your Own Sentences, Ways of Walking in Order of Pace, and Let us listen I

Let us listen II, Let us speak: The Joke in Three Voices, and the First Limerick

The Second Limerick, Writing Your Own, and Let us explore I: Tenali Rama, Birbal and Mullah Nasruddin

Let us explore II and III: Street Performers, Abstract Theatre, and Sukumar Ray’s Abol Tabol

Let us explore IV: Reading ‘My Lost Pencil’

Say the Right Thing: Before We Read — Athithi Devo Bhava and Polite Behaviour

Let us read: The Four Characters, and Scene I Begins

Scene I: Why Mary Wants to Stay, and Who the Guests Are

Scene I: Mrs. Shaw’s Rules for the Visit, and the Sentence Mary Rehearses

Let us discuss I and II: The Speaker, Words and Reason Table

Scene II: The Children Who Do Not Exist, and the Banker Who Cannot Think

Scene II: The Blue Dress, Mrs. Cotter in Bed, and the Talkative Woman

Scene II: Towzer the Dog, Mr. Pomeroy, and the Last Blunder; Let us discuss I: Rectify

Let us think and reflect Extract 1: What Mrs. Shaw Implies, and Matching Character Traits

Extract 2 on Mrs. Cotter, and the Six Questions on the Play

Let us learn I: Suffixes, Root Words and the Eight-Suffix Table

Suffix Blanks, and the Difference Between Say and Tell

Six Pairs of Confusable Verbs, and Simple Past against Present Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous Practice, and the Four Kinds of Sentence

Let us listen: Rohan and His Mother on Manners; Let us speak: Intonation and Sentence Stress

Let us speak I to III: Five Meanings of One Sentence

Rising Intonation, and Let us write: Turning the Play into a Short Story

Let us explore I to III: Enacting the Play, Greetings in Many Languages, and Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam

TRANSCRIPTS: The Clinic Announcement in Woodstock, and the Funny Incident Begins

TRANSCRIPTS: Shoes in the Kitchen, and the Mother-and-Son Conversation Begins

TRANSCRIPTS: Polite Words, Apologising, the Inside Voice and Waiting Your Turn

▶ 3 DREAMS AND DISCOVERIES 48 classes

Unit 3 Dreams and Discoveries: Before We Read My Brother's Great Invention

Let us read I: The Water Bag on Papa's Head, and Who Anand Is

How the Burglar Alarm Was Meant to Work, and Back to the Future

Building the Time Machine, Papa's NO, and Let us discuss: the Cause-and-Effect Table

Completing the Cause-and-Effect Table, and Let us read II: The Night Boppa Came

Anand Sends the Thief into His Own Room, and the Crash in the Next Room

The Neighbours Arrive, the Machine Still Humming, and the Green Scarf

Boppa Vanishes and the Machine Is Dismantled; Let us discuss: Five Events in Order

Let us think and reflect Extract 1: Anand the Scientist, and Extract 2 Begins

Extract 2: The Strange Noises and the Atmosphere, and the Character-Traits Table

III: Six Questions on the Story, and Let us learn I: Onomatopoeia

Let us learn II: Binomials, and the Six Sentences

Phrasal Verbs in the Function Paragraph, and III: Five Idioms from the Story

Simple Past against Past Perfect, and Combining Old and New Actions

Let us listen: Anita and Toby the Martian; Let us speak: The -ough Words

Sorting the -ough Sounds, the Farm Story, and the Tongue Twister

Let us write: A Paragraph on a Vocation; Let us explore: Creativity, Innovation and Invention

Let us explore: Dr. Janaki Ammal, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and Dr. Narinder Singh Kapany

Paper Boats: Before We Read, and Five Words from a Paragraph

Let us read: Paper Boats by Rabindranath Tagore

Let us discuss I to VI: The Summary Blanks, Theme, Tone, Alliteration and Imagery

Let us discuss VII: What the Boats, Flowers and Stars Symbolise; the Fairies of Sleep

Extract (iv) and the Three Questions, and Let us learn I: Making Phrases with 'of'

Let us learn II and III: Parts of the Day, and Six Opposites

Let us listen: Sai and Her Father on Origami; Let us speak: Presenting a Craft Item

Let us explore: Shiuli and Fragrant Flowers; Let us write: A Diary Entry on a Rainy Day

Let us explore II: Four Riddles about Water

North, South, East, West: Before We Read, and the Pradesh Table

Let us read: Who Shaana Is, and the First Postcard from the Thajiwas Glacier

Postcards from Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Postcards from the Sundarbans and Gujarat

Postcards from the Narmada River and Goa

Postcards from Chennai, Puducherry and the Pamban Bridge

The Postcard from Olaikaadu Beach

The Last Postcard to Amma and Appa, and Let us discuss: the Places-Visited Table

Let us think and reflect Extract 1: The Sundarbans, and the Assertion-and-Reason Question

Extract 2 on the Plateaus and Tunnels, and the Seven Questions

Let us learn I: Glaciers, Treehouse, Wetlands, Plateaus, Pebbles and Rafting

Let us learn II and III: Words for Six Situations, and the Travel Word Grid

Let us learn IV: Subject-Verb Agreement

The Remaining Rules, the Ten Sentences, and Let us listen: How Agartala Got Its Name

The Agartala Questions, and Let us speak: Seven Travel Preferences

Speaking Phrases, and Let us write: A Leave Application to the Principal

Let us explore I: The Crossword of States and Union Territories

Let us explore II and III: Rani-ki-Vav, the Kailasa Temple, and the Hornbill Festival

TRANSCRIPTS: Anita and Toby the Martian

TRANSCRIPTS: Sai and Her Father on Origami

TRANSCRIPTS: The Paper Boat to Come, and How Agartala Got Its Name

▶ 4 TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE 40 classes

Unit 4 Travel and Adventure: Before We Read The Tunnel

The Four Explorer Types, and Let us read I: The Jungle, the Cutting and the Waiting Boy

The Steam Engine Comes Out of the Tunnel, and Suraj Walks Through

What Was Inside the Tunnel, the Flash of Orange and Gold, and the Watchman's Duty

Meeting Sunder Singh: His Tunnel, His Leopard, and His Name

The Night Mail, the Afternoon Nap, and Let us discuss: the Flow Chart of the Watchman's System

Completing the Flow Chart, and Let us read II: Tea at Dusk and the Sounds of the Forest

The Inspection in the Dark, and the Rhythmic Sawing Sound

Driving the Leopard Out, and the Night Mail Roaring Through

A Week Later: The Lamp Seen from the Train, and the Firefly

Let us discuss: Five Questions on Part II, and Let us think and reflect Extract 1

Extract 1 Concluded, Extract 2 on the Leopard, and the First Long Questions

Three More Questions on the Story, and Let us learn I and II: Phrases and Sound Words

Sound Words in Sentences, and III: 'Would' for a Habit in the Past

The 'Used to' and 'Would' Paragraph, Colons and Semicolons, and the Museum Treasure Hunt

Marking the Museum Map, and Let us speak: Giving Directions to the Trekking Site

Let us write: A Descriptive Paragraph on a Train Journey

Let us explore: The Atal Tunnel and the History of Indian Railways

Travel: Before We Read, the Word Web and the Adventure Camp

Let us read: 'Travel' by Edna St. Vincent Millay

Let us discuss I to VII: Main Ideas, Rhyme Scheme, Tone, Symbol and Repetition

Let us discuss VIII and IX, and the Extract on the Friends She Makes

Let us learn I: Five Expressions and What They Indicate

Seven Words for Crying and Shouting, and Let us listen: The School Trip Announcement

Rectifying the Announcement, and Let us speak: The Soft and Hard Sounds of 'c'

Let us write I and II: The Diamante Poem, and Describing a Character You Met

Finishing the Character Description, and Let us explore: The Mountain Railways of India

Conquering the Summit: Before We Read, the Icons and the Word Web

Let us read: Arunima Sinha's Awards, Her Early Life, and the Night of 11 April 2011

The Training, Bachendri Pal's Words, and the Summit of 21 May 2013

Mental Fortitude, the Autobiography, and Let us discuss: Five Statements to Explain

Let us think and reflect: The Extract on Bachendri Pal, and the Four Long Questions

Let us learn I and II: Five Underlined Phrases, and the Parts-of-Speech Table

Let us learn III: Articles, the Fifteen Blanks, and Six Sentences to Correct

Let us listen: Five Speakers on Adventure Sports; Let us speak: Four Roles

The Prompts and Vocabulary for the Discussion, and Let us write: The Parts of a Formal Letter

Let us explore: The Adventure Sports Table, and a Booklet on Five Indian Mountaineers

TRANSCRIPTS: The City Museum Treasure Hunt

TRANSCRIPTS: The National Science Centre Announcement, and the First Speaker on Adventure Sports

TRANSCRIPTS: Speakers (i) to (v) on Adventure Sports

▶ 5 BRAVEHEARTS 19 classes

BRAVEHEARTS — part 1

BRAVEHEARTS — part 2

BRAVEHEARTS — part 3

BRAVEHEARTS — part 4

BRAVEHEARTS — part 5

BRAVEHEARTS — part 6

BRAVEHEARTS — part 7

BRAVEHEARTS — part 8

BRAVEHEARTS — part 9

BRAVEHEARTS — part 10

BRAVEHEARTS — part 11

BRAVEHEARTS — part 12

BRAVEHEARTS — part 13

BRAVEHEARTS — part 14

BRAVEHEARTS — part 15

BRAVEHEARTS — part 16

BRAVEHEARTS — part 17

BRAVEHEARTS — part 18

BRAVEHEARTS — part 19

Hindi 10 chapters

▶ 1 माँ, कह एक कहानी 4 classes

माँ, कह एक कहानी — part 1

माँ, कह एक कहानी — part 2

माँ, कह एक कहानी — part 3

माँ, कह एक कहानी — part 4

▶ 2 तीन बुद्धिमान 6 classes

तीन बुद्धिमान — part 1

तीन बुद्धिमान — part 2

तीन बुद्धिमान — part 3

तीन बुद्धिमान — part 4

तीन बुद्धिमान — part 5

तीन बुद्धिमान — part 6

▶ 3 फूल और काँटा 4 classes

फूल और काँटा — part 1

फूल और काँटा — part 2

फूल और काँटा — part 3

फूल और काँटा — part 4

▶ 4 पानी रे पानी 6 classes

पानी रे पानी — part 1

पानी रे पानी — part 2

पानी रे पानी — part 3

पानी रे पानी — part 4

पानी रे पानी — part 5

पानी रे पानी — part 6

▶ 5 नहीं होना बीमार 7 classes

नहीं होना बीमार — part 1

नहीं होना बीमार — part 2

नहीं होना बीमार — part 3

नहीं होना बीमार — part 4

नहीं होना बीमार — part 5

नहीं होना बीमार — part 6

नहीं होना बीमार — part 7

▶ 6 गिरधर कविराय की कुंडलियाँ 4 classes

गिरधर कविराय की कुंडलियाँ — part 1

गिरधर कविराय की कुंडलियाँ — part 2

गिरधर कविराय की कुंडलियाँ — part 3

गिरधर कविराय की कुंडलियाँ — part 4

▶ 7 वषार्-बहार 5 classes

वषार्-बहार — part 1

वषार्-बहार — part 2

वषार्-बहार — part 3

वषार्-बहार — part 4

वषार्-बहार — part 5

▶ 8 िबरजू महाराज से साक्षा ǽार 8 classes

िबरजू महाराज से साक्षा ǽार — part 1

िबरजू महाराज से साक्षा ǽार — part 2

िबरजू महाराज से साक्षा ǽार — part 3

िबरजू महाराज से साक्षा ǽार — part 4

िबरजू महाराज से साक्षा ǽार — part 5

िबरजू महाराज से साक्षा ǽार — part 6

िबरजू महाराज से साक्षा ǽार — part 7

िबरजू महाराज से साक्षा ǽार — part 8

▶ 9 िचिड़या 4 classes

िचिड़या — part 1

िचिड़या — part 2

िचिड़या — part 3

िचिड़या — part 4

▶ 10 मीरा के पद 9 classes

मीरा के पद — part 1

मीरा के पद — part 2

मीरा के पद — part 3

मीरा के पद — part 4

मीरा के पद — part 5

मीरा के पद — part 6

मीरा के पद — part 7

मीरा के पद — part 8

मीरा के पद — part 9

Mathematics 15 chapters

▶ 1 Large Numbers Around Us 20 classes

1.1 A Lakh Varieties! — Eshwarappa's Seed Market, and the Pattern that Builds One Lakh

Figure it Out (Page 3) and Getting a Feel of Large Numbers: Statue of Unity, Kunchikal Waterfall and Somu's Building

Is One Lakh a Very Large Number? — Roxie's Three Reasons and Estu's Three Reasons

Reading and Writing Numbers: Where the Comma Goes, and Writing 3,00,600 to 70,53,138 in Words

1.2 Land of Tens: Thoughtful Thousands and Tedious Tens

Land of Tens: Handy Hundreds, and Whether It Can Show Numbers the Others Cannot

Creative Chitti: Many Ways to Make the Same Number, and Figure it Out (Page 6)

Systematic Sippy: The Fewest Button Clicks, and the Math Talk on Place Value Notation

1.3 Of Crores and Crores! — The Indian and the American Systems Side by Side

Figure it Out (Page 9): Reading 4050678 to 1020304050 in Both Systems, and Comparing with '<', '>' and '='

1.4 Exact and Approximate Values: When to Round Up and When to Round Down

Nearest Neighbours: The Five Neighbours of 6,72,85,183, and Roxie and Estu's Estimates

Populations of Cities: Reading the 2001 and 2011 Table by Approximation

1.5 Patterns in Products: A Multiplication Shortcut, and Figure it Out (Page 14)

How Long is the Product? — Digit Patterns, and How Many Digits a Product Can Have

Fascinating Facts about Large Numbers: Uncovering Facts by Multiplying and Dividing

1.6 Did You Ever Wonder…? — Could All of Mumbai Fit into One Lakh Buses?

Figure it Out (Pages 19–20): Questions 1 to 7 — Digit Puzzles and Calculator Clicks

Figure it Out (Pages 20–21): Questions 8 to 14 — Number Cards, Coins, Albatrosses and Bald Eagles

Summary, and the Toothpick Digits Activity

▶ 2 Arithmetic Expressions 22 classes

2.1 Simple Expressions: What an Arithmetic Expression Is, Its Value, and Example 1

Comparing Expressions, and Figure it Out (Page 2): Filling the Blanks and Ordering by Value

Examples 2 and 3: Raja and Joy's Marbles, and Comparing Without Calculating (Page 3)

2.2 Reading and Evaluating Complex Expressions: Shalini's Comma, and Why Purna Got 140

Brackets in Expressions: Example 5, and Why 100 − 15 + 56 Gives Irfan More Than He Paid

Terms in Expressions: Splitting at the '+' Sign, and Subtracting as Adding the Inverse

Completing the Table of Terms (Page 6), and Marking Every Expression as a Sum of Terms

Swapping and Grouping: Example 6's Drone, and the Commutative Property of Addition

Grouping Three Terms: (−7) + 10 + (−11) Added in Any Order, and the Associative Property

Evaluating 30 + 5 × 4 and 5 × (3 + 2) + 7 × 8 + 3, Manasa's Long List, and Socks Before Shoes

More Expressions and Their Terms: Example 7's Dosas and Tip, and Example 8's Fire in the Mountain

Examples 9, 10 and 11: Rice Packets, Paying ₹432, and Which Picture Matches 5 × 2 + 3

Figure it Out (Pages 11–12): Values by Terms, Stories for Expressions, and Three Situations

Removing Brackets — I: 200 − (40 + 3), and Examples 12, 13 and 14

Tinker the Terms I: What Happens to the Value When One Term Changes

Figure it Out (Pages 14–15): Questions 1 to 9 on Brackets, Terms and Jasoda's Strategy

Removing Brackets — II: Examples 15 and 16, and the Multiple of a Sum

Tinker the Terms II: Example 17's 63 × 18 from 53 × 18, and Example 18's 97 × 25 as (100 − 3) × 25

Figure it Out (Pages 18–19): The Distributive Property in Sixteen Blanks, Comparisons, and Making 14

Figure it Out (Pages 19–20): Mangoes in Begur, Binu's Savings, the Climbing Snail, and Melvin's Stories

Figure it Out (Pages 20–21): Different Ways to Evaluate, Comparing Pairs, and Spotting Equal Expressions

Summary, and the Expression Engineer Challenge

▶ 3 A Peek Beyond the Point 28 classes

3.1 The Need for Smaller Units: Sonu's Two Screws, and Measuring Them on the Scale

3.2 A Tenth Part: The Pencil of 3 4/10 Units, Reading Tenths, and Arranging Lengths in Increasing Order

Adding Tenths: Sonu's Arm Worked Three Ways, and the Honeybee's Total Length

Subtracting Tenths: Shylaja's Middle Finger, the Two Fish, and Six Sequences

3.3 A Hundredth Part: Folding the Paper, and Splitting Each Tenth into Ten

Reading Hundredths Three Ways, Filling the Markings, and Finding the Longest and Shortest

Adding 15 3/10 4/100 and 2 6/10 8/100 by Four Methods, Set Beside 483 + 268

Subtracting with Regrouping, Set Beside 653 − 268, and Figure it Out (Page 13)

3.4 Decimal Place Value: Why We Always Split into Ten, and the Ladder of Place Values

The Decimal System Named, and the 'How Big?' Math Talk

Notation, Writing and Reading: Why 705, 70.5 and 7.05 Need a Decimal Point

Reading Decimals Aloud, and the Place Value Table for Eight Quantities

23 Hundreds, 23 Tens, and Writing 234 Tenths in Decimal Form

3.5 Units of Measurement: Millimetres to Centimetres, and How Small Things Are

Centimetres to Metres, and More Small Creatures

Weight Conversion: Grams and Kilograms, and the 11.111 kg of Rice

Rupee and Paise Conversion, and Prices in the 1970s

3.6 Locating and Comparing Decimals: Putting 1.4 on the Number Line

There is Zero Dilemma! — Whether 0.2, 0.20 and 0.200 Are the Same

Magnifying the Number Line to Reach 4.185, and the Boxes a, b and c

Comparing 6.456 with 6.465 Digit by Digit

Closest Decimals, and Making a Number Close to 25 from 4, 1, 8, 2 and 5

3.7 Addition and Subtraction of Decimals: Priya's Cloth, and 75.345 + 86.691

Figure it Out (Page 30): Eight Sums and Eight Differences

Decimal Sequences, and Sonu's Claim About Estimating Sums and Differences

3.8 More on the Decimal System: Disasters, Deceptive Notation, and a Pinch of History

Figure it Out (Pages 33–34): Questions 1 to 8 — Fractions to Decimals, Number Lines and Word Problems

Figure it Out (Pages 34–35): Questions 9 to 16, and the Summary

▶ 4 Expressions using Letter-Numbers 25 classes

4.1 The Notion of Letter-Numbers: Example 1 — Shabnam, Aftab and Fig. 4.1

Example 2's Matchstick Ls (Fig. 4.2), and Example 3's Coconuts and Jaggery

Example 4: Perimeter as a Formula, and Figure it Out (Page 4) Questions 1 to 3

Figure it Out (Pages 4–5): Questions 4 to 7 — Flour Mill, Word Phrases and the Calendar Grid

4.2 Revisiting Arithmetic Expressions: Seven Expressions to Evaluate

4.3 Omission of the Multiplication Symbol: Why 4 × n Becomes 4n

Mind the Mistake, Mend the Mistake (Page 7): Nine Substitutions to Check

4.4 Simplification: The Perimeter of a Rectangle, from l + b + l + b to 2l + 2b

Example 5: Pencils and Erasers, and Why 5c + 3c + 10c Becomes 18c

Example 6 and the Split Rectangles: Like Terms and Unlike Terms

Example 7: Renting Chairs and Tables, and Opening a Bracket with a Minus

Example 8: Charu's Quiz Scores, and Comparing Them with Krishita's

Examples 9 and 10: Simplifying 4(x + y) − y, and Whether 5u Equals 5 + u

Example 11 and Figure it Out (Pages 13–14): Adding the Numbers in a Picture Several Ways

Figure it Out (Page 14): Question 2 — Simplifying Expressions in p and q, and in d and c

Mind the Mistake, Mend the Mistake (Pages 14–15): Eleven Simplifications to Correct

4.5 Pick Patterns and Reveal Relationships: The Formula Detective Machines

Example 12: Somjit's Saree Border, and Which Design Sits at Position 122

Patterns in a Calendar: Why Both Diagonal Sums of a 2 × 2 Square Are 2a + 8

The Plus-Shape Sum, and Showing It Is Always 5 Times the Centre

Matchstick Patterns: From 3 + 2 × (y − 1) to 2y + 1

Figure it Out (Pages 22–23): Questions 1 to 6 — Rotis, Flags, the Snail and the Local Train

Figure it Out (Page 23): Questions 7 to 10 — Simplifying, Adding and Subtracting Expressions

Figure it Out (Pages 23–24): Questions 11 to 14 — Rope, Matchsticks, Traffic Signal and Squares

Figure it Out (Page 25): Question 15's Four-Column Grid, and the Summary

▶ 5 Parallel and Intersecting Lines 19 classes

5.1 Across the Line: Folding Paper (Fig. 5.1), and the Four Angles at an Intersection (Fig. 5.2)

Activity 1, and the Proof that Vertically Opposite Angles Are Always Equal

Figure it Out (Page 3): The Linear Pairs and Vertically Opposite Angles of Fig. 5.3, and Measurements and Geometry

5.2 Perpendicular Lines (Fig. 5.4), and 5.3 Between Lines: Describing Fig. 5.5

Parallel Lines Defined, and Which Pairs Are Parallel in Fig. 5.6

5.4 Activity 2: Folding a Square Sheet, and the Pattern of Parallel Lines (Fig. 5.7)

The Second Folding Activity (Fig. 5.8), and the Notations for Parallel and Perpendicular (Fig. 5.9)

Figure it Out (Pages 8–9): Drawing Perpendiculars and Parallels on Dot Paper (Figs. 5.10 to 5.13)

5.5 Transversals: The Eight Angles of Fig. 5.14, and Why Only Four Are Distinct

5.6 Corresponding Angles, and Activity 3: Building a Pair of Parallel Lines (Figs. 5.15 to 5.18)

Activities 4 and 5: Tracing Corresponding Angles (Fig. 5.19), and Why Non-Parallel Lines Never Match (Fig. 5.20)

5.7 Drawing Parallel Lines with a Set Square (Figs. 5.21 and 5.22), and the Line Through A (Fig. 5.23)

Making Parallel Lines through Paper Folding (Fig. 5.24), and Why l and m Must Be Parallel

5.8 Alternate Angles (Fig. 5.25), and Activity 6: Proving Alternate Angles Equal

Examples 1 and 2: All Eight Angles from One (Fig. 5.26), and Testing Whether Lines Are Parallel (Fig. 5.27)

Examples 3 and 4: Interior Angles on the Same Side (Fig. 5.28), and the Figure ABCD (Fig. 5.29)

Figure it Out (Pages 18–19): Finding the Marked Angles in Figs. 5.30, 5.31 and 5.32

Figure it Out (Pages 19–20): Questions 4, 5 and 6 — Figs. 5.33, 5.34 and 5.35

5.9 Parallel Illusions, and the Summary

▶ 6 Number Play 20 classes

6.1 Numbers Tell us Things: The Rule Behind the Numbers the Children Call Out

Figure it Out (Page 2): Building Height Arrangements, and Six Statements to Judge

6.2 Picking Parity: Kishor's Puzzle, and Why Adding Even Numbers Gives an Even Number

Odd Numbers Cannot Be Paired, and Why Kishor's Five Cards Can Never Make 30

Martin and Maria's Ages, and the Word Parity

Figure it Out (Page 5): Parities of Sums, Lakpa's Coins, and the Parity of Differences

Small Squares in Grids: The Parity of a Product Without Multiplying

Parity of Expressions: 3n + 4, and Expressions That Are Always Even or Always Odd

The nth Even Number and the nth Odd Number: 2n and 2n − 1

6.3 Some Explorations in Grids: Row and Column Sums, and Why They Total 45

The Magic Square Defined, and Observation 1: the Magic Sum Must Be 15

Observations 2 and 3: Why 5 Sits at the Centre, and Why 1 and 9 Never Sit in a Corner

Figure it Out (Page 10): How Many Magic Squares, and What Happens When Every Number Changes

Generalising a 3 × 3 Magic Square with the Centre Number m, and Figure it Out (Page 11)

The Chautīsā Yantra at Khajuraho, and Magic Squares in History and Culture

6.4 The Virahāṅka–Fibonacci Numbers: Counting Rhythms of Short and Long Syllables

Virahāṅka's Method, the Scholars Who Followed Him, and the Sequence in Nature

6.5 Digits in Disguise: Solving Cryptarithms

Figure it Out (Pages 17–18): Questions 1 to 6 — Dorjee's Bulb, Liswini's Pages and the Parity Grid

Figure it Out (Page 18): Questions 7 to 11, and the Summary

▶ 7 A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines 13 classes

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 1

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 2

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 3

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 4

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 5

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 6

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 7

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 8

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 9

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 10

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 11

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 12

A Tale of Three Intersecting Lines — part 13

▶ 8 Working with Fractions 13 classes

Working with Fractions — part 1

Working with Fractions — part 2

Working with Fractions — part 3

Working with Fractions — part 4

Working with Fractions — part 5

Working with Fractions — part 6

Working with Fractions — part 7

Working with Fractions — part 8

Working with Fractions — part 9

Working with Fractions — part 10

Working with Fractions — part 11

Working with Fractions — part 12

Working with Fractions — part 13

▶ 1 Geometric Twins 14 classes

1.1 Geometric Twins: Copying the Signboard Symbol, and What Congruent Means

Figure it Out: Checking Congruence of Circles, Rectangles and Matching Pairs (Questions 1 to 4)

1.2 Congruence of Triangles: Measuring the Sidelengths and the SSS Condition

Conventions to Express Congruence: the Correspondence of Vertices, and the Rectangle of Fig. 1.1

Figure it Out: Naming Congruences and Proving Them, Questions 1 to 4

Measuring the Angles, and Two Sides with the Included Angle: Why AAA Fails and SAS Works

Measuring Two Sides and a Non-included Angle: Constructing Triangles PQR and PQS, and Why SSA Fails

Two Angles and the Included Side: the ASA Condition, and the Midpoint Figure with O

Figure it Out: Congruence from SAS, ASA and Parallel Lines, Questions 1 to 4

Measuring Two Angles and a Non-Included Side: Fig. 1.2 and the AAS Condition

Measuring Two Sides in a Right Triangle: the RHS Condition, and the Five Sufficient Conditions

1.3 Angles of Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles: Why Equal Sides Give Equal Angles

Congruent Triangles in Real Life, and Figure it Out: Questions 1 to 6

Summary of Geometric Twins, and the Expression Engineer! Puzzle

▶ 2 Operations with Integers 22 classes

2.1 A Quick Recap of Integers - Rakesh's Puzzle: Two Numbers from Their Sum and Difference

Figure it Out: Six More Sum-and-Difference Pairs, and the Partner Game

Carrom Coin Integers: Strikes Right and Left, the Number Line Model and P = a + b

Magnitude and Direction, and Try This: Reading a, b and P from the Arrow Diagrams

The Token Model Recalled: Zero Pairs, (+7) minus (+18), and the Math Talk on Additive Inverses

2.2 Multiplication of Integers with Tokens: Putting In, and Taking Out of an Empty Bag

Figure it Out: Token Products, the 123 x 456 Shortcut, and Framing the Rule

Patterns in Integer Multiplication: Stepping the Multiplier Down Past Zero

Figure it Out: Six Products, and the Rules 1 x a = a and (minus 1) x a = minus a

Swapping the Multiplier and the Multiplicand: Integer Multiplication is Commutative

Brahmagupta's Rules of Fortune and Debt, and Example 1: Mala's Exam Marks

Example 2: The Mining Shaft Elevator, Worked by Method 1 and Method 2

A Magic Grid of Integers: Playing the Try This Game and Finding Why the Product Never Changes

Division of Integers: Turning a Division into a Missing Multiplier, and the Three Rules

Figure it Out: The Freezing Room, the Cement Company, and the Missing Integers

Expressions Using Integers: Integer Multiplication is Associative, and the Order Never Matters

Multiplying minus 1 Many Times, and the Distributive Property Shown with a Rectangle of Tokens

Pick the Pattern: Finding the Operations Done by Machine 1 and Machine 2

Figure it Out Questions 1 to 5: Expressions, Quotients, Multiplying by minus 1 and the Modified Collatz Rule

Figure it Out Questions 6 to 10: Marks in a Test, a Machine, Falling Temperature, Consecutive Numbers and the Pibs Currency

Figure it Out Questions 11 to 16: Mixed Operations, Increasing Order, Shortcuts and Open-Ended Fill-ins

Summary of Operations with Integers, the Multiplication Grid, and the Game of Terhuchu

▶ 3 Finding Common Ground 20 classes

3.1 The Greatest of All: Sameeksha's Floor Tiles and the Largest Square That Fits

Lekhana's Rice Bags, the Meaning of HCF and GCD, and Try This: the Jump Jackpot Game

Primes and Prime Factorisation, and the Division Method

Factors of a Number from its Prime Factorisation: 840 and 225

Figure it Out: Listing All the Factors, and Why Anshu's Conjecture is False

Finding the HCF Using Prime Factorisation: Examples 1, 2 and 3

Figure it Out: Common Factors and the HCF of Five Pairs

Finding the HCF Directly: Examples 4 and 5, and Figure it Out Questions 1 and 2

3.2 Least, but not Last! Anshu and Guna's Torans, Kabamai's Gajak, and the Meaning of LCM

Try This: the Idli-Vada Game, and Why Every Multiple Carries the Number's Prime Factors

Building the LCM from Prime Factors: Examples 6 and 7, and Figure it Out

3.3 Patterns, Properties, and a Pretty Procedure: When the HCF is One of the Numbers

Figure it Out: General Statements about HCF and LCM for Consecutive, Even and Co-prime Numbers

Math Talk: Doubling Both Numbers, and the HCF of Two Multiples of 14

Efficient Procedures: One Ladder that Gives the HCF and the LCM Together

Guna's and Anshu's Shortcuts: Dividing by a Big Common Factor in One Step

The Property Linking HCF and LCM: Product of the Two Numbers = HCF times LCM

Figure it Out Questions 1 to 6: Blue Stars, Multiples and Factors, the Cowherd's Cows and Packing Cubes

Figure it Out Questions 7 to 13: Fire in the Mountain, the Dog and the Rabbit, and Mahaviracharya's Sum

Summary of Finding Common Ground, and the Mystery Colours Page

▶ 4 Another Peek Beyond the Point 26 classes

4.1 A Quick Recap of Decimals: Jonali and Pallabi's Game, and the Spice Weights

Math Talk: Fractions as Sums of Tenths and Hundredths, and a Rule for Dividing by 10, 100 and 1000

4.2 Decimal Multiplication: Example 1, the Five Pens, and Example 2, the Car and the Petrol

Example 3, Ajay's Walk to School, and Example 4, the Area of the Rectangle

Counting the Decimal Places: the Rule for Multiplying Two Decimals, and Example 5

Is the Product Always Greater than the Numbers Multiplied? The Three Situations

Figure it Out Questions 1 to 5: Products in Tenths and Hundredths, Cloth, Notebooks and Coins

Figure it Out Questions 6 to 10: Oranges, Profit, the 18 x 12 Family, and Multiplying by 10, 100 and 1000

4.3 Decimal Division: Example 6, Anuja's Ribbon, and the Rule for Dividing by 10, 100 and 1000

Example 7: Sharing 29 Metres of Ribbon between Two Friends and between Four

Division Using Place Value: Example 8, 1324 divided by 4, Regrouped Step by Step

Division with a Decimal Quotient: 1325 divided by 4, Regrouping Ones into Tenths

Example 9: 237 divided by 8, Carried Down to Thousandths

Division with a Decimal Dividend: Example 10, the Sugar Bags, and Example 11

Figure it Out Questions 1 to 4: Equivalent Fractions, Long Division and the Moving Decimal Point

Division with a Decimal Divisor: Example 12, Ravi's Average Speed, and Example 13

Does This Ever End? 10 divided by 3, and the Repeating Chain in 1 divided by 7

A Magic Number, 142857, and the Relationship between Dividend, Divisor and Quotient

Figure it Out Questions 1 to 5, and the Math Talk on Powers of 2 and Powers of 5

Figure it Out Questions 6 to 10: the Wooden Block, the Polygon, the Juice and the Flour

4.4 Look Before You Leap! The Earth's 365.2422 Days and the First Adjustment

Making Another Adjustment: No Extra Day in the Hundredth Year

Making Yet Another Adjustment: Every 400th Year, and the Try This on 10,000 Years

Figure it Out Questions 1 to 5: Chikki and Chips, the Number Line, Bananas, the Bookshelf and Unit Conversions

Figure it Out Questions 6 to 11: Sridharacharya's Problem, the 756 divided by 36 Family, and Sorting Expressions

Summary of Another Peek Beyond the Point, and the Hidato Puzzles

▶ 5 Connecting the Dots 27 classes

5.1 Of Questions and Statements: Statistical Statements and Statistical Questions

5.2 Representative Values: Shubman and Yashasvi, and the Meaning of Average

Average as Fair-Share: Guavas, Hibiscus Flowers, and the Ancient Indian Names for the Mean

Figure it Out: Bouncing a Ball, Flowering Plants, Running Times and School Enrolment

Know Your Onions! Five Ways of Comparing Two Tables of Prices

The Dot Plot: What It Shows, and What It Loses

What Data Makes You Wonder, and Averages Around Us

Outliers and Medians: the Heights of Yaangba's and Poovizhi's Families

Are You a Bookworm? Mean, Median, and an Outlier at the High End

Are We on the Same Page? Newspaper Pages, and Measures of Central Tendency

Of Ends and the Essence: How Tall is Your Class, and How Long is a Minute

Zero Median Runs, Zero versus No Value, and Sita's Mango Tree

A Mean Foot, and Figure it Out Questions 1 to 3

Figure it Out Questions 4 to 7: Water Usage, Newborn Weights, Another Section, Sumo and Ballet

5.3 Visualising Data: Clubbing the Columns into a Double Column Graph

Take Off! Reading the Rocket Launch Graph in Two Steps

Justifying Statements from the Rocket Graph, and Estimating the 2023 Total

Summer and Winter at the Same Time: Daylight Hours in Helsinki and Wellington

All it Takes is a Minute: Reading a Cricket Match from a Runs-per-Over Graph

Figure it Out Question 1: Reading the Animal Speed Infographic

Figure it Out Questions 2 to 4: Superpowers, Jodhpur Temperatures and Electric Vehicles

5.4 Data Detective: Telling Tall Tales across Two Schools

The Height Table from 1989 to 2019, and Six Statements to Justify

Growth Spurts, Estimates for 2029, and Heights around the World

Figure it Out Questions 1 to 4: Pockets, Points per Game, Quiz Marks and Favourite Sports

Figure it Out Questions 5 to 9: Splitting a Class, Two Sections, Skyscrapers and Estimating Lengths

Figure it Out Questions 10 to 13, the Summary, and the Connect the Dots Number Lock

▶ 6 Constructions and Tilings 23 classes

6.1 Geometric Constructions: The Eyes Design and the Supporting Line XY

Bisection and the Perpendicular Bisector: Proving AB Bisects XY at Right Angles

Eyes of Different Shapes, and Why Every Equidistant Point Lies on the Bisector

Construction of the Perpendicular Bisector with Ruler and Compass

Figure it Out: Changing the Radii, the Same Side, and a Design to Recreate

Construction of a 90 Degree Angle at a Given Point on a Line

Construction Methods in the Sulba-Sutras: the Perpendicular Bisector with a Rope

Angle Bisection for a Design: Fig. 6.5, the 45 Degree Angle, and the General Method

Figure it Out: Bisectors, the Eight-Petalled Figure, 65.5 Degrees, and a Rope Bisector

Repeating Units and Repeating Angles: Fig. 6.6 and the Need to Copy an Angle

Steps of Construction to Copy an Angle, and Figure it Out

Construction of a Line Parallel to a Given Line, and Figure it Out

Arch Designs: Constructing the Trefoil Arch from its Support Lines

A Pointed Arch: Wavy Wave Support Lines, Fig. 6.11, and Figure it Out

Regular Hexagons from Six Equilateral Triangles, and the 360 Degree Gap Argument

Construction of a 60 Degree Angle, and a Regular Hexagon of Side 5 cm

Related Constructions: 30 and 15 Degree Angles, and the 6-Pointed Star

Figure it Out: The Inflexed Arc, the Optical Illusion, and a Perpendicular from an Outside Point

6.2 Tiling: Tangrams, the Seven Pieces, and the Figures to Rearrange

Tiling a Grid with 2 x 1 Tiles: the 4 x 6, 4 x 7 and 5 x 7 Grids

Removing a Square, Fig. 6.13, and the Black-and-White Colouring Argument

Figure it Out: Two Tiling Questions to Decide

Tiling the Entire Plane: Squares, Triangles, Hexagons, Escher, Bees, and the Summary

▶ 7 Finding the Unknown 25 classes

7.1 Find the Unknowns: Unknown Weights on the Balance, Figs. 7.1 to 7.8

The Sacks: Figs. 7.9 to 7.12, and Removing Equal Weights from Both Plates

The Matchstick Pattern, 2n + 1 = 99, and What an Equation Is

Framing Equations for the Weighing Scale Figures

7.2 Solving Equations Systematically: Trial and Error, and Doing the Same to Both Sides

Inverse Operations: Examples 1 to 4 on Removing a Term or a Factor

Solving 5x minus 4 = 7, Checking the Answer, and Examples 5 and 6

Figure it Out: Five Equations to Solve, and an Equation with No Solution

A Shorter Way of Writing the Steps, and the Three Observations

Solving Problems: Example 7, Ranjana's Square Tiles and the Expression 3k + 1

Example 8: Madhubanti's Party, Solved Three Different Ways

Example 9: Jahnavi and Sunita's Savings, and Equations with the Unknown on Both Sides

Example 10: Three Ways to Solve 28(x + 4) + 300 = 1000

Example 11: Riyaz's Maths Trick, Modelled with an Unknown

Example 12: Ramesh and Suresh's Marbles, Two Unknowns Reduced to One

Generating Equations: Chains of Equations, and Example 13

Figure it Out: Writing Equations, Finding Unknowns, the 3-Digit Number, the Brick and the Giraffe's Cousin

7.3 Mind the Mistake, Mend the Mistake: Nine Solutions to Check

7.4 A Pinch of History: Bijaganita, Brahmagupta, Al-Khwarizmi and the Word Algebra

Example 16: Bhaskaracharya's Horses, and Brahmagupta's Formula for Ax + B = Cx + D

Figure it Out Questions 1 to 5: Filling Blanks, Ranju's Notes, the Hidden Dots and the Machines

Figure it Out Questions 6 to 12: the Taxi, the Window Grill, the Milkshakes and the Triangles

Figure it Out Questions 13 to 18: the Bakhshali Manuscript, the Giraffe, the Stick Sequences and Eight Equations

Figure it Out Questions 19 and 20: The Equation Maze, and the Children and Donkeys

Summary of Finding the Unknown, the Magic Trick, and the Tangram Sheet

Physical Education and Well Being 6 chapters

▶ 1 Foundational Basis of Physical Education and Well-being 14 classes

IPE-1 The Ball Progression Game: Marking the 20 by 10 Court and Passing Along the Markers

IPE-1 Circle Time - Feel the Muscle: Naming the Muscles That Tighten When You Throw

IPE-2 Ghorpadiche Shepoot: Forming the Ghorpad and Chasing Head to Tail

IPE-2 Circle Time - Working Together: The Centipede's Legs and Tanaji Malusare's Ghorpad

IPE-3 Nalugu Rallu Ata: Drawing the Court, the Four Stones and the Denner

IPE-3 Gumpu or Chuttu, and Circle Time - Growing Mentally Strong

IPE-4 Gidhada Gudkavan: The Hawk, the Mother Hen and the Chain of Chickens

IPE-4 How the Chase Ends, and Circle Time - Working for Each Other

IPE-5 Stand Up, Speak Out: Kho-Kho with Four Secret Roles

IPE-5 Circle Time - Treating Each Other Well: The Book's Four Questions on Bullying

IPE-6 Harassment Prevention Skit: Building the Scenarios and Acting Them Out

IPE-6 The Law and the Teacher's Safety Rules: Good Touch, Bad Touch and Where to Report

Self-Assessment: Safety on the Ground, Caring Attitude and Understanding Bullying

Self-Assessment: Understanding Harassment and Emotion Control

▶ 2 Physical Motor Fitness 24 classes

MF-1 Set It Up, Knock It Down: Marking the Area and Flipping the Markers

MF-1 Two Minutes, Counting the Flips, and Circle Time - Personal Goal

MF-2 Dhaan Ki Bori: The Carrier, the Rider and the Race Back

MF-2 Circle Time - Your Own Body Weight as Resistance: Working Against Gravity

MF-3 Caterpillar Race: Sitting in Line and Holding the Ankles Behind You

MF-3 Pushing and Pulling Together, and Circle Time - Working with Others

MF-4 Count and Connect Game: Moving on Command and Forming the Called Number

MF-4 Circle Time - Types of Resistance: Naming the Force You Move Against

MF-5 Skipping Race: The Relay Over 20 to 40 Metres

MF-5 Circle Time - Good Technique and Form: Why the Easiest Skipper Is the Fastest

MF-6 Atya-patya: The Nine Lanes, the Runners and the Defenders

MF-6 Being Tagged, Switching Roles and the Four Innings of Seven Minutes

MF-6 Circle Time - Prerequisite Skills That Decide the Game

MF-7 Food for Health: Macronutrients Chasing Their Sources

The Five Food Groups: How Much Grain, Vegetables, Fruit, Milk and Protein Every Day

MF-7 Food Antakshari and Circle Time - Make Your Own Plate

MF-8 Dapo Nyarka Sunam: Bamboo Wrestling and the Push Out of the Circle

MF-8 Circle Time - Feeling the Different Muscles, and the 630 Muscles of the Body

MF-9 Madhu and Manu: The Masked Call and the Race to the Goal Line

MF-9 Four Variations of the Call, and Circle Time - Agility

MF-10 Skipping Song: A Step and a Hop, and the Uneven Rhythm of a Skip

MF-10 Circle Time - Cardiovascular Endurance: Why You Could Keep Going When Tired

Assessment: Baseline and Goal for Agility, Cardiovascular Endurance and Strength

Assessment: Plank, Sit-and-Reach, the 50-Metre Sprint and Reflection and Progress

▶ 3 Fundamental Skills of Badminton 28 classes

FSA-1 The Forehand Grip: Holding the Racket Like a Handshake

FSA-1 The Air Toss Drill: Five Taps and Back to Your Partner

FSA-2 The Backhand Grip: The Thumb Against the Back of the Handle

FSA-2 Backhand Air Toss, and Circle Time - Comparing the Two Grips

FSA-3 Footwork Skills: The Chasse Step and How It Moves You Round the Court

FSA-3 The Six-Bucket Drill, and Circle Time - Reaction Time Through Footwork

FSA-4 The Backhand Low Serve: The Service Court, the Net and the Gentle Push

FSA-4 Landing the Serve in the Arch, and Circle Time - The Service Rules

FSA-5 The Backhand Lift: Turning a Low Shuttlecock into a Deep One

FSA-5 The Feeder and Lifter Drill, and Circle Time - Identify the Mistakes

FSA-6 The Forehand Lift: Lifting High and Far to Buy Time

FSA-6 Forehand Lift Practice, and Circle Time - The Right Technique

FSA-7 The Forehand High Serve: Sending the Shuttlecock High and Deep

FSA-7 The Serve Over the Raised Racket, and Circle Time - The Flight of the Shuttlecock

FSA-8 The Forehand Low Serve: Weight on the Rear Leg, Then Forward

FSA-8 Serving Into the Bucket, and Circle Time - Placing the Service Accurately

FSA-9 The Forehand Drive: A Flat Attacking Shot Over the Net

FSA-9 Driving Flat and Straight, and Circle Time - How Fast and Which Way

FSA-10 The Backhand Drive: Turning the Non-Racket Shoulder to the Shuttle

FSA-10 Hitting at the Highest Point, and Circle Time - Keeping the Shuttlecock Parallel to the Ground

FSA-11 The Forehand Clear: Five Numbered Steps to the Back of the Court

FSA-11 The Two-Corner Clear Drill, and Circle Time - Predicting the Shuttlecock's Path

FSA-12 The Forehand Drop: The Gentle Shot That Lands Near the Net

FSA-12 Ten Drops From a High Serve, and Circle Time - Taking Force Off the Shuttlecock

FSA-13 The Badminton Match: Rally Scoring to Five Points

Complete the Task: Marking the Badminton Court and Finding Its Rules

Teacher-Assessment: The Five Levels of Serving and Lifting

Teacher-Assessment: The Drive Scale and the Understanding-Distress Scale

▶ 4 Fundamental Skills of Football 29 classes

FSB-1 Kicking with the Inside of the Foot: The Approach and the Locked Ankle

FSB-1 Locking the Ankle, the Follow Through, and the Instep Rally

FSB-2 Receiving the Ball: Facing the Pass and Widening the Body

FSB-2 Cushioning the Ball, and the Five-Metre Receiving Rally

FSB-3 Passing the Rolling Ball: The Approach and Looking Up

FSB-3 Striking a Moving Ball: The Right Foot, the Right Moment, the Right Angle

FSB-3 Drill Under Pressure, the Follow Through, and Circle Time on Behaviour and Safety

FSB-4 Step Trapping: Getting Behind the Line of the Incoming Ball

FSB-4 Trapping a Low Bounce, the 30-Inch Box Drill, and Circle Time - Personal Goal

FSB-5 Dribble: A Low Centre of Gravity and Short, Gentle Touches

FSB-5 Using Both Feet, the Follow Through, and Planning the Next Action

FSB-5 The Cone Dribbling Drill, and Circle Time - How to Move Quickly

FSB-6 Feinting: Selling a Movement You Do Not Intend to Make

FSB-6 Pushing Off the Planted Foot, the Mirror Drill, and Circle Time on Reading an Opponent

FSB-7 Kicking the Ball for Accuracy: The Three Circles and the Marker

FSB-7 Circle Time - What Made the Kick Accurate: Instep, Balance, Focus and Footwork

FSB-8 Passing the Ball in the Air: Aligning With the Flight and Striking the Lower Half

FSB-8 Instep or Inside, the Follow Through, and the Stump Drill

FSB-9 Pass and Move Relay Drill: The Short Pass and the Return

FSB-10 Interception: Reading the Pass Before It Is Made

FSB-10 The Passing Circle Drill, and Person-to-Person Marking

FSB-11 Front Block Tackling: Winning the Ball Without Fouling

FSB-11 Balance in the Tackle, the Foot-on-Ball Drill, and Circle Time on Preventing Injury

FSB-12 Goal Keeping: The W Position and the Basket

FSB-12 Absorbing the Shot, Securing the Ball, and the Zigzag Catching Drill

FSB-13 The 5-a-side Match: Thirty by Forty Yards and Five Minutes a Game

FSB-13 Circle Time on the Goal Scorer, and the Task of Marking the Football Ground

Teacher-Assessment: Passing and Receiving While Looking at the Partner, and Dribbling

Teacher-Assessment: Goalkeeping and Understanding Self-Distress

▶ 5 Fundamental Skills of Kabaddi 27 classes

KB-1 Raiding Footwork: The Stance a Raider Starts From

KB-1 Execution and Follow Through: Moving With Purpose and Turning for the Midline

KB-1 Three Types of Raid, the Block Shuttle Drill and Circle Time on Anticipation

KB-2 Hand Touch: The Stance and the Free Executing Hand

KB-2 The Four Hand Variations, the Chest-Number Drill and Circle Time on Reaction Time

KB-3 Toe Touch: Five Types and the Crouching Approach

The Baulk Line: The Line a Raid Must Cross to Count

KB-3 Executing the Toe Touch, the Four Shapes Drill and Circle Time on Eye-Foot Coordination

KB-4 The Kick: Stance and the Straight-Leg Execution

KB-4 Follow Through, the Three Kick Variations and the Extended-Arm Relay

Defensive Positions: Corners, Centre, Ins and Covers

KB-5 Ankle-hold: Body Position and Reading the Raider's Foot

KB-5 Executing the Ankle-hold, Lifting the Raider, and the Defended Shapes Drill

KB-6 Thigh-hold: The Optimum Diagonal Stance

KB-6 The Approach: Shoulders in Line With the Raider's Hip Joint

KB-6 The Elbow Grip, the Follow Through and the Lifting Relay

KB-7 Knee-hold: The Second Supporter's Tactic and Its Stance

KB-7 Approach, the Three Grips and the Pull to the End Line

KB-7 The Restricted Game: Hand Touch Against Knee-hold Only

KB-8 Wrist-hold: Two Types and the Cupped Palm Approach

KB-8 Taking the Grip, the Pulling Drill and Circle Time on Matching Defence to Attack

KB-9 Waist-hold: Covering the Raider's Outer Shoulder From Behind

KB-9 The Grip, Four Follow-Through Choices and the Train Game

KB-10 Chain-hold: Forming the Chain, the Approach and the Wide Stance

KB-10 The Two Follow-Through Methods, the Elbow-Lock Contest and Safety in the Chain

Complete the Task: Marking the Kabaddi Court and Finding Its Rules

Teacher-Assessment: Touch, the Leg Holds, the Upper-Body Holds and Self-Distress

▶ 6 Yoga 66 classes

About Yoga: The Root 'Yuj', and the Four Ways Yoga Makes Us Grow

Beginning and Ending a Yoga Session: Sukhasana, Chin Mudra and the Chant of Om

The Opening and Closing Prayers, and What They Mean

Yoga for Daily Life: 'Yoga is Skill in Action' and Sri Aurobindo's Tree

Pancha Kosha: The Five Layers, and Annamaya Kosha the Physical Sheath

Pranamaya, Manomaya and Vijnanamaya Koshas: Energy, Mind and Wisdom

Anandamaya Kosha, and the Eight Limbs of Ashtanga Yoga

Activity: My Daily Yoga Plan to Strengthen the Panchakosha, and Yama

The Five Yamas, the Five Niyamas and Ishwara Pranidhana

A Journey of Oneness: Guru Nanak, and the Activity on Rituals

Yoga Sadhana: The Four General Guidelines for Practising Yoga

The Nine Asana Guidelines: What to Do Before, During and After

Pranayama Guidelines, and What Sukshma Vyayama Is

The Five Sukshma Vyayama Practices Named for This Grade

Practice 1: Anguli Shakti Vikasaka, Step by Step

Shithalikarana Vyayama: The Four Loosening Practices of This Grade

Shithalikarana Practice 1: Forward-Backward Bending, Step by Step

Surya Namaskara: Why We Greet the Sun, and the First Five Benefits

The Remaining Benefits, the Limitation, and Step 1: Pranamasana

Surya Namaskara Steps 2, 3 and 4: Hasta Utthanasana, Padahastasana and Ashwa Sanchalanasana

Surya Namaskara Steps 5, 6 and 7: Dandasana, Ashtanga Namaskara and Bhujangasana

Surya Namaskara Steps 8, 9 and 10: Parvatasana, Ashwasanchalanasana and Padahastasana

Surya Namaskara Steps 11 and 12: Coming Back to Pranamasana

Asana: The Third Limb, and the Five Postures of This Grade

Utkatasana: The Chair Posture, Step by Step

Gomukhasana: The Cow's Face Posture, Step by Step

Dhanurasana: The Bow Posture, Step by Step

Sarvangasana: The Shoulder Stand, All Eight Steps

Sarvangasana's Benefits and Limitations, and Matsyasana Introduced

Matsyasana: The Fish Posture, Step by Step

Matsyasana's Limitations, Relaxation, and the Two Breathing Practices

Marjariasana with Breathing: The Cat Stretch, Step by Step

Vyagrahasana Breathing: The Tiger Stretch, Step by Step

Pranayama: Controlling the Breath, and Why It Matters for Students

The Three Pranayamas Revised, and What Shanmukhi Mudra Is

Shanmukhi Mudra Step by Step, and Bhastrika Introduced

Bhastrika Pranayama: The Bellows Breath, Step by Step

Mudras and Jnana Mudra: The Hand Gestures That Seal Energy

Jnana Mudra's Benefits, and Pratyahara: Listening to a Temple Bell

Dharana: One-Pointed Concentration, and Cleansing the Eyes

Jatru Trataka: Gazing at the Thumbs, Step by Step

Simple Palming, the Benefits of Jatru Trataka, and Its Limitations

Dhyana: The Simple Meditation Exercise, and Panchakosha Meditation Introduced

Panchakosha Meditation: The Inner Journey Through the Five Layers

Samadhi, Krida Yoga, and the Yoga of Reflection Game

Assessment: Matching the Five Koshas and Listing Your Own Practices

The Teachers' Evaluation Rubric, and the Seven Yoga Riddles

Evaluation for Asana, and the Two Pranayama Riddles

The Suggested Session Plan for Yoga: Months 1 to 3

The Suggested Session Plan for Yoga: Months 4 to 6

The Yoga Module for Practice at Home: Two Thirty-Minute Routines

The Suggestive Annual Session Plan: How the Whole Year Fits Together

Summative Assessment: The Five Self-Assessment Scales

Summative Assessment: The Fitness Record Without Goals

Summative Assessment: The Badminton Scales for Serve, Lift and Drive

Summative Assessment: The Football and Kabaddi Scales

Self-Assessment Questionnaire 1: Yoga for Daily Life

Self-Assessment Questionnaire 2: The Yoga Sadhana Riddles and Rubrics

Annexure: The T-Test for Agility, Set Up and Run

Annexure: The 600-Metre Run/Walk Test

Annexure: The 3-Minute Step Test

Annexure: The Push-Ups Test

Annexure: The Squat Test

Annexure: The Plank Hold Test

Annexure: The Sit-and-Reach Test

Annexure: The 50-Metre Sprint Test

Sanskrit 15 chapters

▶ 1 वन्दे भारतमातरम् 6 classes

वन्दे भारतमातरम् — part 1

वन्दे भारतमातरम् — part 2

वन्दे भारतमातरम् — part 3

वन्दे भारतमातरम् — part 4

वन्दे भारतमातरम् — part 5

वन्दे भारतमातरम् — part 6

▶ 2 नित्यं पिबाम: सुभाषितरसम् 5 classes

नित्यं पिबाम: सुभाषितरसम् — part 1

नित्यं पिबाम: सुभाषितरसम् — part 2

नित्यं पिबाम: सुभाषितरसम् — part 3

नित्यं पिबाम: सुभाषितरसम् — part 4

नित्यं पिबाम: सुभाषितरसम् — part 5

▶ 3 मित्राय नमः 4 classes

मित्राय नमः — part 1

मित्राय नमः — part 2

मित्राय नमः — part 3

मित्राय नमः — part 4

▶ 4 न लभ्यते चेत् आम्लं द्राक्षाफलम् 3 classes

न लभ्यते चेत् आम्लं द्राक्षाफलम् — part 1

न लभ्यते चेत् आम्लं द्राक्षाफलम् — part 2

न लभ्यते चेत् आम्लं द्राक्षाफलम् — part 3

▶ 5 सेवा हि परमो धर्म: 3 classes

सेवा हि परमो धर्म: — part 1

सेवा हि परमो धर्म: — part 2

सेवा हि परमो धर्म: — part 3

▶ 6 क्रीडाम वयं श्‍ लोकान्ताक्षरीम् 6 classes

क्रीडाम वयं श्‍ लोकान्ताक्षरीम् — part 1

क्रीडाम वयं श्‍ लोकान्ताक्षरीम् — part 2

क्रीडाम वयं श्‍ लोकान्ताक्षरीम् — part 3

क्रीडाम वयं श्‍ लोकान्ताक्षरीम् — part 4

क्रीडाम वयं श्‍ लोकान्ताक्षरीम् — part 5

क्रीडाम वयं श्‍ लोकान्ताक्षरीम् — part 6

▶ 7 ईशावास्यम् इदं सर्वम् 5 classes

ईशावास्यम् इदं सर्वम् — part 1

ईशावास्यम् इदं सर्वम् — part 2

ईशावास्यम् इदं सर्वम् — part 3

ईशावास्यम् इदं सर्वम् — part 4

ईशावास्यम् इदं सर्वम् — part 5

▶ 8 हितं मनोहारि च दुर्लभं वचः 4 classes

हितं मनोहारि च दुर्लभं वचः — part 1

हितं मनोहारि च दुर्लभं वचः — part 2

हितं मनोहारि च दुर्लभं वचः — part 3

हितं मनोहारि च दुर्लभं वचः — part 4

▶ 9 नवम: पाठ: 3 classes

नवम: पाठ: — part 1

नवम: पाठ: — part 2

नवम: पाठ: — part 3

▶ 10 दशमः कः ? 4 classes

दशमः कः ? — part 1

दशमः कः ? — part 2

दशमः कः ? — part 3

दशमः कः ? — part 4

▶ 11 द्वीपेषु रम्यः द्वीपोऽण्डमानः 4 classes

द्वीपेषु रम्यः द्वीपोऽण्डमानः — part 1

द्वीपेषु रम्यः द्वीपोऽण्डमानः — part 2

द्वीपेषु रम्यः द्वीपोऽण्डमानः — part 3

द्वीपेषु रम्यः द्वीपोऽण्डमानः — part 4

▶ 12 वीराङ् गना पननाधाया 3 classes

वीराङ् गना पननाधाया — part 1

वीराङ् गना पननाधाया — part 2

वीराङ् गना पननाधाया — part 3

▶ 13 वर्णमात्ा-परिचयः 5 classes

वर्णमात्ा-परिचयः — part 1

वर्णमात्ा-परिचयः — part 2

वर्णमात्ा-परिचयः — part 3

वर्णमात्ा-परिचयः — part 4

वर्णमात्ा-परिचयः — part 5

▶ 14 शब्दरूपाणि 4 classes

शब्दरूपाणि — part 1

शब्दरूपाणि — part 2

शब्दरूपाणि — part 3

शब्दरूपाणि — part 4

▶ 15 धातुरूपाणि 4 classes

धातुरूपाणि — part 1

धातुरूपाणि — part 2

धातुरूपाणि — part 3

धातुरूपाणि — part 4

Science 12 chapters

▶ 1 The Ever-Evolving World of Science 3 classes

An Invitation, Not a Textbook: Why the Page Numbers Fly

A Walking Tour of This Year's Chapters: Materials, Circuits, Change and Heat

1.1 Happy Exploring! and Activity 1.1: Question the Answer

▶ 2 Exploring Substances: Acidic, Basic, and Neutral 13 classes

A Message That Appeared From Nowhere: The Science Fair (Fig. 2.1)

Activity 2.1: Testing Eleven Everyday Samples with Blue and Red Litmus

What Litmus Really Is, and How Groups A, B and C Get Their Names (Fig. 2.3)

Activity 2.2: Sour, Bitter, Slippery — and the Acids Hiding in Your Food (Fig. 2.4)

2.1.2 Red Rose as an Indicator: Activities 2.3 and 2.4 (Figs. 2.5 to 2.8)

2.1.3 Turmeric as an Indicator: Activity 2.5 Makes Turmeric Paper (Fig. 2.9)

What Turmeric Paper Can and Cannot Tell You (Table 2.4)

Activity 2.6: Indicators You Smell, and Ashwin's Guru Purnima Card

2.2 What Happens When an Acid Meets a Base: Activity 2.7 (Fig. 2.10)

2.3 Neutralisation in Daily Life: The Ant Bite and the Sour Field (Figs. 2.11, 2.12)

The Factory, the Lake, and the Answer to the Disappearing Message (In a Nutshell)

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 1 to 4, and Figs. 2.13, 2.14, 2.15

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 5 to 12, Dive Deeper, and the Exploratory Projects

▶ 3 Electricity: Circuits and their Components 15 classes

The Bhakra Nangal Trip and Seven Headings of Uses of Electricity

3.2.1 Electric Cell and 3.2.2 Battery: Activities 3.2 and 3.3 (Figs. 3.2, 3.3)

3.2.3 The Incandescent Lamp and its Filament: Activity 3.4 (Fig. 3.4)

The LED Lamp: Activity 3.5 and Why One Wire Is Longer (Figs. 3.5, 3.6)

Activity 3.6: Building the Circuit and Predicting Table 3.1 (Figs. 3.7, 3.8)

3.2.5 An Electrical Circuit: Why Arrangements 1 and 6 Glow (Fig. 3.9)

Activity 3.7: Making an LED Glow, and Current in One Direction Only (Fig. 3.10)

3.2.6 Electric Switch: Activities 3.8 and 3.9, Open and Closed Circuits (Figs. 3.11, 3.12)

3.3 Circuit Diagrams: The Seven Symbols of Table 3.2

Activity 3.10: Drawing Figs. 3.12a and 3.10c as Circuit Diagrams (Figs. 3.13, 3.14)

Activity 3.11: Building a Conduction Tester and Filling Table 3.3 (Fig. 3.15)

Conductors and Insulators: Copper Wires, Plastic Covers, and the Body as a Conductor

In a Nutshell, and Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 1 and 2 (Fig. 3.16)

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 3 to 7 (Figs. 3.17, 3.18, 3.19)

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 8 to 11, and the Exploratory Projects (Figs. 3.20, 3.21, 3.22)

▶ 4 The World of Metals and Non-metals 15 classes

Sudarshan Uncle's Workshop: What an Ironsmith Makes, and From What (Fig. 4.1)

4.1.1 Malleability: Activity 4.1 and Table 4.1 (Fig. 4.2)

Brittle, and Neither: Iron and the Progress of Civilisation, and 4.1.2 Ductility

4.1.3 Sonority: Steel Ropes, Suspension Bridges, and Activity 4.2

The Ringing Sound, and 4.1.4 Conduction of Heat: Activity 4.3 (Fig. 4.3)

Conduction, Conductors, and 4.1.5 Conduction of Electricity: Activity 4.4

Table 4.2 and the Pattern in It, then 4.2 The Question About Brown Deposits

Activity 4.5: Three Bottles A, B and C, and Table 4.3 (Fig. 4.4)

Rust, Rusting and Corrosion, and the Iron Pillar of Delhi

4.3 Burning Magnesium: Activity 4.6 and a Basic Oxide (Figs. 4.5, 4.6)

Sodium Kept Under Kerosene, and 4.4 Activity 4.7: Burning Sulfur (Fig. 4.7a, b, c)

Sulfurous Acid, Activity 4.8, and What a Non-metal Is (Fig. 4.7d)

4.5 Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Chlorine and Iodine, and In a Nutshell

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 1 to 6

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 7 to 12, and the Exploratory Projects

▶ 5 Changes Around Us: Physical and Chemical 15 classes

Four Students, Four Changes: the Ice, the Bottle, the Bud and the Banana

Activity 5.1 and Table 5.1: Eleven Everyday Changes, and the Senses That Notice Them

5.1 Physical Change: Activity 5.2 with Paper, a Balloon and Chalk (Fig. 5.1)

5.2 Chemical Change: Activity 5.3, Blowing into Tap Water and Lime Water (Fig. 5.2)

The Chemical Equation, and Activity 5.4: Vinegar and Baking Soda (Fig. 5.3)

5.3.1 Rusting and 5.3.2 Combustion: Activity 5.5 and the Covered Candle (Figs. 5.4, 5.5, 5.6)

Why the Covered Candle Goes Out, the Blanket Rule, and the Fireflies

Activity 5.6: Ignition Temperature and the Fire Triangle (Figs. 5.7, 5.8)

Activity 5.7: What Happens When a Candle Burns, and Faraday's Lectures (Fig. 5.9)

5.5 Are Changes Permanent? Activity 5.8 and Table 5.2, and 5.6 Desirable Changes

Undesirable Changes, Compost and Pollution, and 5.7.1 Weathering of Rocks (Fig. 5.10)

5.7.2 Erosion, and In a Nutshell

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 1 to 3

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 4 to 8, and 'Eco-friendly Prithvi'

Question 9's Venn Diagram, Question 10 and Fig. 5.11, and the Exploratory Projects

▶ 6 Adolescence: A Stage of Growth and Change 15 classes

From Seed to Sapling: Why Living Things Must Grow Before They Can Reproduce

6.1 The Five Stages of a Human Life, and Venkatesh and Devyani's Conversation

Activity 6.1 and Table 6.1: What Changes Between Grade 5 and Grade 8

The Voice Box and the Adam's Apple, Acne, and Body Hair

Secondary Sexual Characteristics, Puberty, and 6.2 the Menstrual Cycle

6.3 Emotional and Behavioural Changes: Activity 6.2 and Table 6.2

6.4.1 Meeting Nutritional Needs: Activity 6.3 and Table 6.3

Iron and Vitamin B12, Dorothy Hodgkin, and 6.4.2 Personal Hygiene (Fig. 6.1)

Four Government Schemes for Menstrual Hygiene, and 6.4.3 Physical Activities (Fig. 6.2)

6.4.4 Balanced Social Life: Peers, Online Platforms and Cyberbullying (Figs. 6.3, 6.4)

Activity 6.4 and Table 6.4, and 6.4.5 Learning to Say NO (Fig. 6.5)

Health Damage, Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan, and 6.5 Why the Changes Happen: Hormones

In a Nutshell, and Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Question 1

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 2 to 7

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 8 to 10, and the Exploratory Projects

▶ 7 Heat Transfer in Nature 16 classes

A Fireplace in Gangtok: Why Kerala Is Warm and Why Pans Are Metal

7.1 Conduction: Activity 7.1 and the Four Pins on a Metal Strip (Fig. 7.1)

Why Pin I Falls First: Conduction Defined, and Table 7.2 of Conductors

Trapped Air: Woollen Clothes, Two Thin Blankets and Hollow Bricks (Fig. 7.2)

Activity 7.2: The Rising Paper Cup, the Balloon in the Sun, and Smoke (Figs. 7.3b, 7.4)

Activity 7.3: The Coloured Streak and Convection, and 7.2.1 Activity 7.4 (Figs. 7.5b, 7.6)

Table 7.4: Soil Heats and Cools Faster Than Water, and the Sea Breeze (Fig. 7.7a)

The Land Breeze, and 7.3 Radiation: Light and Dark Clothes (Fig. 7.7b)

All Three at Once: Heating Water in a Pan, Let Us Wrap Up, and the Bukhari (Fig. 7.8)

7.4 The Water Cycle: Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation and Precipitation (Fig. 7.9)

7.4.1 Activity 7.5: Clay, Sand and Gravel, and Varahamihira (Fig. 7.10)

Infiltration, Groundwater and Aquifers, and Why Groundwater Is Falling (Figs. 7.11, 7.12)

The Ice Stupas of Ladakh, and In a Nutshell (Fig. 7.13)

The Rest of In a Nutshell, and Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Question 1 (i) and (ii) (Figs. 7.14, 7.15)

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Question 1 (iii) and Questions 2 to 6 (Fig. 7.16)

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 7 to 10, and the Exploratory Projects (Fig. 7.17)

▶ 8 Measurement of Time and Motion 15 classes

Prerna's Question: How Did People Tell the Time Before Clocks?

8.1 Measurement of Time: Sundials, Water Clocks, Hourglasses and Candle Clocks (Figs. 8.1 to 8.4)

Activity 8.1: Building a Water Clock from a Plastic Bottle (Fig. 8.5), and the Samrat Yantra

Time in Ancient India, and Huygens' Pendulum Clock (Fig. 8.6)

8.1.1 A Simple Pendulum: Oscillation, Mean Position and Time Period (Fig. 8.7)

Activity 8.2 and Table 8.1: Measuring a Time Period, and Think Like a Scientist

8.1.2 The SI Unit of Time, Modern Clocks (Fig. 8.8), and the Ghati

Activity 8.3: The Smallest Interval a Wall Clock Can Measure (Fig. 8.9), and 8.2 Slow or Fast

8.3 Speed: The Distance Covered in Unit Time (Fig. 8.10)

Example 8.1 Worked Through, and Activity 8.4: The Speed of Trains (Table 8.2)

8.3.1 Speed, Distance and Time: Examples 8.2 and 8.3, and Why It Is Average Speed

8.4 Uniform and Non-uniform Linear Motion (Fig. 8.11), the Speedometer and the Odometer

Reading Table 8.3: Which of Trains X and Y Is in Uniform Motion?

In a Nutshell, and Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 1 to 7

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 8 to 11, and the Exploratory Projects

▶ 9 Life Processes in Animals 15 classes

What Animals Eat, and the Alimentary Canal (Fig. 9.1)

Why Chapati Turns Sweet: Saliva, Oral Hygiene, and Activity 9.1 (Table 9.1)

What the Iodine Showed, and How Food Moves Down the Food Pipe (Fig. 9.2)

Inside the Stomach (Fig. 9.3), Alexis St. Martin, and the Six-Metre Small Intestine (Fig. 9.4)

The Pancreas, Absorption, and the Finger-like Projections (Fig. 9.5)

The Large Intestine, Egestion, the Bacteria That Help, and the Charaka Samhita

9.1.2 Ruminants (Fig. 9.6) and the Gizzard of Birds (Fig. 9.7)

9.2.1 Respiration in Humans: The Path Air Takes (Fig. 9.8)

Activity 9.2: A Working Model of Breathing (Fig. 9.9), and the Mechanism (Fig. 9.10)

Activity 9.3: What We Breathe Out (Fig. 9.11), and Breathing Practices

Gas Exchange in the Alveoli (Fig. 9.12), and the Word Equation of Respiration (Fig. 9.13)

The Circulatory System, Smoking, and 9.2.2 How Fish Breathe (Fig. 9.14)

Tadpoles, Frogs and Earthworms, and In a Nutshell

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 1 to 8

Questions 9 and 10 (Figs. 9.15 and 9.16), and the Exploratory Projects

▶ 10 Life Processes in Plants 15 classes

10.1 How Do Plants Grow? Four Guesses, and Activity 10.1 (Fig. 10.1)

Activity 10.1 Concluded: Table 10.1, and What Pots A, B and C Showed

The Vrikshayurveda, 10.2.1 Leaves as Food Factories, and Activity 10.2 (Fig. 10.2a)

The Iodine Test on a Leaf (Fig. 10.2b), Why We Decolourise It, and Activity 10.3

Table 10.2: Starch in the Green and Non-green Patches, and Coloured Leaves

Chlorophyll Is Essential, and 10.2.2 Activity 10.4: The Role of Air (Fig. 10.3a)

Table 10.3, and the Definition of Photosynthesis

Activity 10.5: The Gas That Bubbles Up (Fig. 10.4)

10.2.3 Photosynthesis in a Nutshell (Fig. 10.5), and R.H. Dastur

Activity 10.6: Finding the Stomata (Fig. 10.6), and 10.3.1 Transport of Water

Activity 10.7: Red Ink Up a Stem (Fig. 10.7), the Xylem and the Phloem (Fig. 10.8)

10.4 Do Plants Respire? Activity 10.8 and the Lime Water Test (Fig. 10.9)

In a Nutshell, and Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 1 to 5

Questions 6, 7 and 8: Reading Three Experiments (Figs. 10.10, 10.11, 10.12)

Questions 9 and 10, the Exploratory Projects, and Kamala Sohonie

▶ 11 Light: Shadows and Reflections 15 classes

Keshav's Questions: Fireflies, Moonlight, and Light in a Straight Line

11.1 Sources of Light: Luminous and Non-luminous (Figs. 11.1 to 11.3), and LED Lamps

11.2 Does Light Travel in a Straight Line? Activities 11.1 and 11.2 (Figs. 11.4, 11.5)

11.3 Activity 11.3 and Table 11.1: Predicting Before Observing

Transparent, Translucent and Opaque (Fig. 11.6), and 11.4 Shadow Formation (Fig. 11.7)

Activity 11.4 and Table 11.2: Six Changes Made to a Shadow

What a Shadow Needs, Shadow Puppetry, and 11.5 Reflection (Activity 11.5)

Redirecting Sunlight (Fig. 11.8), and Activity 11.6: A Beam Through a Comb (Fig. 11.9)

11.6 Images in a Plane Mirror: Activities 11.7 and 11.8 (Figs. 11.10, 11.11)

Lateral Inversion, the Ambulance, Aranmula Kannadi, and 11.7 The Pinhole Camera

Activity 11.9: An Upside-down Candle Flame (Fig. 11.12), and Building a Pinhole Camera (Fig. 11.13)

11.8.1 The Periscope (Fig. 11.14) and 11.8.2 The Kaleidoscope (Fig. 11.15)

Why a Kaleidoscope Never Repeats, In a Nutshell, and Questions 1 and 2

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 3 to 6 (Figs. 11.16, 11.17, 11.18)

Questions 7 to 12 (Figs. 11.19, 11.20), and the Exploratory Projects

▶ 12 Earth, Moon, and the Sun 18 classes

Rashmika's Puzzle: Long Shadows, Short Shadows, and Who Is Really Moving

12.1 Rotation of the Earth: Activity 12.1 on a Merry-go-round (Fig. 12.1)

Spinning Tops and the Earth's Axis (Figs. 12.2, 12.3), and Activity 12.2 with a Globe

A Torch for the Sun (Fig. 12.4b): Rotation from West to East Makes Day and Night (Fig. 12.5)

Standing on the Equator (Fig. 12.6), and Foucault's 22-Metre Pendulum

Activity 12.3: Watching the Big Dipper Turn (Fig. 12.7), and Star Trails

Aryabhata's Boat, and 12.2 The Revolution of the Earth

The Orbit and the Changing Night Sky (Fig. 12.8), and the Monsoon Stars of the Bhil and Pawara

12.2.2 Seasons on the Earth: The Tilt of the Axis (Fig. 12.9)

Why June Is Hot in the North (Figs. 12.10, 12.11), and Two Wrong Explanations

Solstices and Equinoxes, Six Months of Sunshine at the Pole, and 12.3 Eclipses

12.3.1 Solar Eclipse: Activity 12.4 and Apparent Size (Figs. 12.12, 12.13)

Total and Partial Solar Eclipse (Fig. 12.14), and How to Watch One Safely

Projecting the Sun with a Mirror, Grahan and the Surya Siddhanta, and 12.3.2 Lunar Eclipse

The Geometry of a Lunar Eclipse (Fig. 12.16), and the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory

M.K. Vainu Bappu, In a Nutshell, and Questions 1 and 2 (Fig. 12.17)

Let Us Enhance Our Learning: Questions 3 to 8 (Fig. 12.18)

Questions 9 to 12, the Exploratory Projects, and 'It's Still Not the End, My Friend!'

Social Science 20 chapters

▶ 1 Geographical Diversity of India 17 classes

The Big Questions, Fig. 1.1 Jog Falls, and India as a Subcontinent of Five Regions

The Himalayas: Reading a 2500-km Wall on the Map and in Fig. 1.2

Gaumukh and Fig. 1.3, the Eight Thousanders, and the Water Tower of Asia

How the Himalayas Were Formed: Gondwana, the Collision, and Figs. 1.4 and 1.5

Himadri, Himachal and Shivalik: The Three Ranges, and the Kath-kuni House of Fig. 1.6

The Great Himalayan National Park: Reading the Seven Pictures of Fig. 1.7

The Cold Desert of India: Moonland (Fig. 1.8), Yaks (Fig. 1.9) and Pangong Tso (Fig. 1.10)

The Gangetic Plains: Rivers, Multi-cropping, Transport and the Night Lights of Fig. 1.16

The Great Indian Desert: Sand Dunes (Fig. 1.21), Jaisalmer (Fig. 1.22) and the Pushkar Mela (Fig. 1.23)

Water in the Thar: Scouring with Sand, Taanka and Kunds (Fig. 1.24)

The Aravalli Hills: 2.5 Billion Years Old, the Zinc of Zawar, and Kumbhalgarh (Figs. 1.25, 1.26)

The Peninsular Plateau: What a Plateau Is, and the Western and Eastern Ghats

The Deccan: Forests, Tribal Communities, Waterfalls and Coal (Figs. 1.27 to 1.32)

India's Amazing Coastlines: The West Coast and The East Coast (Figs. 1.33, 1.34, 1.35)

The Indian Islands: Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar, Barren Island, and the Sundarbans (Figs. 1.36 to 1.40)

The Hills of the Northeast: Garo, Khasi and Jaintia, and the Three Views of Fig. 1.41

Mawlynnong and the Living Root Bridges (Fig. 1.42), Before We Move On, and Questions and Activities 1 to 9

▶ 2 Understanding the Weather 14 classes

The Big Questions, Fig. 2.1, and What Weather Is: The Troposphere in Fig. 2.2

The Five Elements of Weather, and Think About It: Krishnan, Amir and the Need for a Common Measure

Observing Nature's Clues: Ants, Frogs and Pine Cones (Figs. 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3)

Weather Instruments (a) Temperature: Thermometers, Celsius and Fahrenheit, and Figs. 2.4.1 to 2.4.4

Range and Mean Daily Temperature, the IMD of 1875, and the Chart of Fig. 2.5

Reading the Temperature Table, and (b) Precipitation: How a Rain Gauge Works (Fig. 2.6)

Let's Explore: Build and Read Your Own Rain Gauge, and (c) Atmospheric Pressure (Fig. 2.7)

Why the Air Thins on a Mountain: Depressions, the Barometer, Millibars and Khardung la (Fig. 2.8)

(d) Wind: Why Direction and Speed Matter, and the Wind Vane (Fig. 2.9)

The Wind Sock and the Anemometer (Fig. 2.10), and (e) Humidity: Kochi or Jaipur?

Relative Humidity from 0% to 100%, the Hygrometer, and Think About It: Delhi 52%, Kochi 84%

Weather Stations (Fig. 2.11), the Automated Weather Station, and the AWS at a Sikkim Glacial Lake (Fig. 2.12)

Predicting the Weather: Reading the IMD Warning Map of 19 May 2024 (Fig. 2.13), and Before We Move On

Questions and Activities 1 to 4: Matching Instruments, Packing for Mumbai, Siting a Rain Gauge, and the Jammu and Kashmir Table

▶ 3 Climates of India 17 classes

The Five Big Questions, Fig. 3.1, and Weather, Seasons and the Climate: the Six Ritus

Life in Rhythm with the Ritus, and Let Us Recapitulate: Weather, Seasons, Climate

Types of Climates in India: Seven Climates from Alpine to Tropical (Fig. 3.3)

Factors Determining the Climate - (a) Latitude: Why the Sun's Angle Decides the Heat (Fig. 3.4)

(b) Altitude: Why Hill Stations Are Cool, and the Four Views of Fig. 3.5

Ooty against Coimbatore, and (c) Proximity to the Sea: Mumbai against Nagpur (Fig. 3.6)

(d) Winds: Heat Waves and Cold Waves (Fig. 3.7), and (e) Topography

Putting It All Together: What a Climate Description Must Contain, and Microclimates (Fig. 3.8)

The Monsoons: Mausim, and How Summer and Winter Reverse the Winds (Fig. 3.9)

The Southwest and Northeast Monsoons over India, Mawsynram, and the Monsoon Ragas (Fig. 3.10)

Traditional Ways of Reading the Monsoon, Climate and Our Lives, and the Festivals of Fig. 3.11

Monsoon Failure, Climates and Disasters, (a) Cyclones, and the NDRF (Fig. 3.12)

How a Cyclone Forms, the Eye of the Cyclone (Fig. 3.13), and Think About It: What Clouds Are Made Of

(b) Floods: Rivers, Glacial Bursts and Kedarnath 2013, and Urban Flooding (Figs. 3.14, 3.15)

Climate Change: Fossil Fuels, the Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming (Fig. 3.16)

Before We Move On, and Questions and Activities 1 to 7

▶ 4 New Beginnings: Cities and States 12 classes

The Big Questions, Fig. 4.1 at Rajagriha, and the End of India's First Urbanisation (Fig. 4.2)

How We Know: Two Sources for the Second Urbanisation, and What a Janapada Is

The Sixteen Mahajanapadas on the Map (Fig. 4.3): Fortified Capitals, Moats and Narrow Gateways

Early Democratic Traditions: The Sabha, the Samiti and a Raja Who Could Be Removed

Monarchies and the Ganas: Magadha, Kosala and Avanti against Vajji and Malla (Fig. 4.4)

More Innovations: Schools of Thought, Iron Metallurgy, and the First Coins in India

Punch-marked Coins (Fig. 4.6), the Sanchi Smithy (Fig. 4.5), and the Table Comparing Two Urbanisations

The Varna-Jati System: Jati, Sub-jati and the Four Varnas

Where the Word 'Caste' Comes From, and How a Flexible System Became Rigid

Think About It on Inequality, and Developments Elsewhere: the Uttarapatha and the Dakshinapatha (Fig. 4.7)

Shishupalgarh and the Ports, the Timeline of Fig. 4.8, the Southern Kingdoms and Kodumanal (Fig. 4.9)

Before We Move On, and Questions and Activities 1 to 4

▶ 5 The Rise of Empires 23 classes

The Big Questions, Fig. 5.1 at Barabar, Fig. 5.2 of Pataliputra, and the Time Machine Called Itihasa

Ira at the Gate: Soldiers, the Drawbridge, the Moat and the Cave (Fig. 5.3)

Inside Pataliputra, and What an Empire Is: Imperium, Samraj and the Tributary

The Six Features of an Empire

Why a King Wants an Empire, and the Five Pictures of Fig. 5.4

Trade, Trade Routes and Guilds: Why an Army Is Expensive, and What India Traded

What Made a Guild Remarkable, the Trade Route Map of Fig. 5.5, and the Rise of Magadha

Why Magadha Rose: Land, Timber, Elephants and Iron, and the Siege Panel of Fig. 5.6

Surplus, the Ganga and Son, and the Nandas: Mahapadma's Coin (Fig. 5.7) and Panini (Fig. 5.8)

The Arrival of the Greeks: Porus, and Alexander's Campaign of 334-331 BCE (Figs. 5.9, 5.10)

Satraps, the Battle with Porus, and the End of Alexander (327-325 and 324-323 BCE)

Alexander and the Gymnosophists (Fig. 5.11), and The Mighty Mauryas Begin

The Story of Kautilya, and Two Maps: the Nanda Empire (Fig. 5.12) and the Maurya Empire (Fig. 5.13)

Chandragupta Takes Magadha, Defeats the Satraps, and Hosts Megasthenes (Fig. 5.14)

Kautilya's Saptanga (Fig. 5.15), and Why the Countryside Comes First

The King Who Chose Peace: Ashoka, the Kalinga War, and Fig. 5.16

The Great Communicator: Edicts on Rock and Pillar, Prakrit and Brahmi (Fig. 5.17)

Devanampiya Piyadasi: What Ashoka Claimed to Have Done (Fig. 5.18)

What Dharma Means, and the Edict Instructing the City Magistrates

After Ashoka, and Life in the Mauryan Period: the Sohagaura Plate (Fig. 5.19) and the Sarnath Capital (Fig. 5.20)

Some Contributions of the Mauryas: Life and People (Figs. 5.21 to 5.25), Art and Architecture (Figs. 5.26, 5.27)

The National Emblem, the Coins of Fig. 5.29, and The Fragile Nature of Empires (Fig. 5.30)

Before We Move On, and Questions and Activities 1 to 9

▶ 6 The Age of Reorganisation 19 classes

The Big Questions, Fig. 6.1.1, and the Break-up of the Maurya Empire in 185 BCE

Fig. 6.2: The Dynasties of the Age, Inside and Outside the Subcontinent (Fig. 6.3), and Matrimonial Alliances

Surge of the Shungas: Pushyamitra and the Ashvamedha Yajna (Fig. 6.4)

Sanskrit, the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, and the Bharhut Stupa Railings (Figs. 6.5.1 to 6.5.4)

Some Shunga Contributions to Art: Reading the Ten Objects of Fig. 6.6

The Bharhut Panel of Fig. 6.7, and The Satavahanas: A Deccan Power

Satavahana Coins and Ships (Fig. 6.8), Roman Trade, and the Naneghat Caves (Fig. 6.9)

Life under the Satavahanas: Mothers' Names (Fig. 6.10), a Widow Queen's Yajna, and the Brahmi Numerals

Vasudeva, Tax-free Land, the Karla Caves (Fig. 6.11) and the Yaksha of Pitalkhora (Fig. 6.12)

The End of the Satavahanas, and Coming of the Chedis: Kharavela and the Hathigumpha Inscription (Fig. 6.13)

Sangam Literature and the Sangam Age, the Cholas, and the Map of Fig. 6.14

Silappadikaram: The Tale of the Anklet, and the Statue of Kannagi (Fig. 6.15)

King Karikala (Fig. 6.16) and the Kallanai or Grand Anicut (Fig. 6.17)

The Cheras and Their Coins (Fig. 6.18), and The Pandyas: Pearls, Navy and Inscriptions

Invasions of the Indo-Greeks: the Heliodorus Pillar (Fig. 6.19), Coins with Indian Deities (Fig. 6.20), and the Shaka Samvat

The Emergence of the Kushanas: Kanishka's Headless Statue (Fig. 6.22), His Coins (Fig. 6.23), and the Gandhara School (Fig. 6.24)

The Silk Route of Fig. 6.25, from Byzantium to Luoyang

The Mathura Style (Fig. 6.26), Identifying the Artefacts of Fig. 6.27, and Cultural Assimilation

Before We Move On, the Timeline of Fig. 6.28, and Questions and Activities 1 to 6

▶ 7 The Gupta Era: An Age of Tireless Creativity 17 classes

The Big Questions, Fig. 7.1 at Ajanta, and Fig. 7.2: Four Powers of the 3rd to 6th Centuries CE

The Iron Pillar of Delhi (Fig. 7.3): 1,600 Years Without Rust, and A New Power Emerges

Chandragupta I's Gold Coin (Fig. 7.4), Chandragupta II 'Vikramaditya', and Why the 'II'

The Warrior King: the Prayaga Prashasti, Harisena (Fig. 7.5) and Samudragupta with the Veena (Fig. 7.6)

The Vishnu Purana on the Empire's Regions, the Ashvamedha Coin (Fig. 7.7), and the Map of Fig. 7.8

A Traveller's Account: Faxian on Indian Society in the Gupta Age

Why One Source Is Not Enough: the Chandalas, and Glimpses of the Gupta Empire

Prabhavati Gupta, Regent Ruler of the Vakatakas (Figs. 7.9, 7.10)

Provinces, Copper-Plate Land Grants, and Thriving Trade as Far as Socotra

New Ideas and Wonders: Why This Is Called the Classical Age (Figs. 7.11, 7.12)

Aryabhata and Varahamihira (Fig. 7.13)

Kalidasa and the Meghadutam, the Cloud Messenger (Fig. 7.14)

Ayurveda Codified, and The Quest for Beauty: the Centres of Gupta Art

The Decline of the Guptas, and Meanwhile in the South: the Pallavas at Kanchipuram

Various Aspects of Gupta Art: Figs. 7.15 to 7.18

Kamarupa and the Varmans, and the Timeline of Fig. 7.19

Samudragupta's Pattern with Tributaries, the Gupta Legacy, Before We Move On, and Questions 1 to 7

▶ 8 How the Land Becomes Sacred 7 classes

How the Land Becomes Sacred — part 1

How the Land Becomes Sacred — part 2

How the Land Becomes Sacred — part 3

How the Land Becomes Sacred — part 4

How the Land Becomes Sacred — part 5

How the Land Becomes Sacred — part 6

How the Land Becomes Sacred — part 7

▶ 9 From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types 11 classes

From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types — part 1

From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types — part 2

From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types — part 3

From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types — part 4

From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types — part 5

From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types — part 6

From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types — part 7

From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types — part 8

From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types — part 9

From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types — part 10

From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types — part 11

▶ 10 The Constitution of India 9 classes

The Constitution of India — part 1

The Constitution of India — part 2

The Constitution of India — part 3

The Constitution of India — part 4

The Constitution of India — part 5

The Constitution of India — part 6

The Constitution of India — part 7

The Constitution of India — part 8

The Constitution of India — part 9

▶ 11 From Barter to Money 7 classes

From Barter to Money — part 1

From Barter to Money — part 2

From Barter to Money — part 3

From Barter to Money — part 4

From Barter to Money — part 5

From Barter to Money — part 6

From Barter to Money — part 7

▶ 12 Understanding Markets 11 classes

Understanding Markets — part 1

Understanding Markets — part 2

Understanding Markets — part 3

Understanding Markets — part 4

Understanding Markets — part 5

Understanding Markets — part 6

Understanding Markets — part 7

Understanding Markets — part 8

Understanding Markets — part 9

Understanding Markets — part 10

Understanding Markets — part 11

▶ 1 The Story of Indian Farming 17 classes

The Big Questions, the Kṛiṣhi Parāśhara Verse, and Fig. 1.1: Six Photographs of Indian Farming

India's Agricultural Landscape: What 'Agriculture and Allied Activities' Covers, and Who Actually Farms

Echoes from the Past: Fig. 1.2's 4,800-Year-Old Furrows at Kalibangan and Fig. 1.3's Sugarcane and Pumpkin

Climate, Seasons and Crops: Xuanzang's Observation, Seven Climates, 15 Agroclimatic Zones and Fig. 1.4

Reading Fig. 1.5: The Kharif, Rabi and Zaid Calendar, with Fig. 1.6's Mustard and Fig. 1.7's Pearl Millet

Soil, the Foundation of Cultivation: Fig. 1.8's Four Stages, the Six Soils of India, and Soil–Crop Linkages

Two Maps Side by Side: Fig. 1.9, the Soil Map of India, and Fig. 1.10, the Crops Each Soil Carries

Nurturing the Soil: Crop Rotation, Contour Ploughing and Panchagavya against Terracing and Precise Fertiliser

Water: Rain-Fed Farming, Fig. 1.11's Banana Bunds, Fig. 1.12's Drone and Fig. 1.13's Munsar Lake

From Phad Canals and Fig. 1.14's Bamboo Pipes to Fig. 1.15's Drip and Fig. 1.16's Sprinklers — and Then Seeds

Beejamrit, the Indian Seed Drill, and the Arthaśhāstra's Instructions for Preparing Seed

Traditional Systems and the Green Revolution: Fig. 1.17's Terraces, Kulāgar, Gokṛiṣhi, Fig. 1.18 and Fig. 1.19

The Costs of the Green Revolution and Sustainable Pathways: Sikkim, Neem, and Fig. 1.20's Three Heritage Systems

The Role of the Government, Hydroponics (Fig. 1.21), Crop Insurance (Fig. 1.22), and the Three-Quarter-Hectare Farm

Climate Change, the Ganga Under Stress, and the Debt Trap: Why 2,300 Farmers a Day Walk Away

Before We Move On, and Questions 1 to 3: Kerala's Rice, Punjab's Wheat, and the Six-Pair Matching Exercise

Questions and Activities 4 to 9: Technology, Sustainability, the Class Debate and the Ganga Presentation

▶ 2 India and Her Neighbours 18 classes

Mandela's Sentence, The Big Questions, and Fig. 2.1: India Placed Among Her Neighbours

Framing the Neighbourhood: The 15,100 km Land Border, Maritime Neighbours, and the Routes of Fig. 2.2

The Indian Ocean, an 11,100 km Coastline, and What Regionalism Means

India and China: Buddhism Both Ways, Fig. 2.3's Size Note, Fig. 2.4's Kaiyuan Pillar, and the Trade Balance

India and Pakistan: Partition, the Wars, the Shared Shrines, and the Kartarpur Corridor (Fig. 2.6)

A Newborn Neighbour: Bangladesh, the Transboundary Rivers, Fig. 2.7's Map and Fig. 2.8's Sundarban

In the Lap of the Himalayas: Nepal, the 1950 Treaty, the Open Border, and Fig. 2.9's Paśhupatinātha Temple

The Land of the Thunder Dragon: Bhutan, Fig. 2.10's Emblem, Fig. 2.11's Tala Project, and the Three Schools of Buddhism

Tiger's Nest (Fig. 2.12), Gross National Happiness, and Myanmar: India's Gateway to Southeast Asia

Afghanistan and the Uttarāpatha (Fig. 2.15), then India's Maritime Neighbours and SAARC

Sri Lanka Across the Palk Strait: Aśhoka's Children, the Civil War, and Figs. 2.16, 2.17 and 2.18

A Nation of Islets: The Maldives, Dhivehi's Indian Roots, Fig. 2.19's Underwater Cabinet, and Rising Seas

From Dvārakā to Dvāravatī: Thailand, Fig. 2.20's Map, and Fig. 2.21's Churning of the Ocean

The Malay Peninsula and the Lion City: Fig. 2.22's Petronas Towers and Fig. 2.23's Four Languages

Little India (Fig. 2.24) and the Indonesian Archipelago: Fig. 2.25's Garuḍa and Fig. 2.26's Borobudur

The 2004 Tsunami and the Warning Centre, then an Ancient Neighbour: Iran, the Avesta and Chabahar

The Land of Copper: Oman, Fig. 2.30's Harappan Ingot, Fig. 2.31's Muscat Temple, and Before We Move On

Questions and Activities 1 to 8: Maritime Neighbours, Buddhism, Open Borders, and the Map Tasks

▶ 3 Empires and Kingdoms: 6th to 10th Centuries 21 classes

India Never Spoke Her Last Word: The Big Questions and Fig. 3.1, the Shore Temple at Māmallapuram

600 to 1200 CE in One Journey: Fig. 3.2's Timeline and Fig. 3.3's Map of the Dynasties After the Guptas

Harṣhavardhana at Kannauj: Fig. 3.4's Peacock Coin, Fig. 3.5's Signature, and Bāṇa's Kādambarī

Xuanzang's Road and Harṣha's Court: Fig. 3.7's Route, the Prayāga Assembly, and the Tripartite Struggle Begins

The Tripartite Struggle and the Pālas: Fig. 3.8's Seal, Fig. 3.9's Crowned Buddha, and Vikramaśhilā's Gatekeeper Scholars

Gurjara-Pratīhāras and Rāṣhṭrakūṭas: Fig. 3.10's Manuscript, Fig. 3.11's Varāha Coin and Fig. 3.12's Kailaśhanātha

Amoghavarṣha Nṛipatunga, Peak of Kings: Fig. 3.13's Kannada Inscription and Al-Masūdī's Testimony

Kashmir and Kalhaṇa's Rājatarangiṇī: How a 12th-Century Historian Worked, and Fig. 3.14's Shankaracharya Hill

Kashmir Śhaivism and the Deccan: Fig. 3.15's Standing Śhiva, Pulakeśhin II, and Fig. 3.16's Map of the South

Ravikīrti's Praise Poem (Fig. 3.17), the Eastern Chālukyas, and the Pallavas of Kānchī

Reading Fig. 3.18: Durga About to Slay Mahiṣhāsura, and the End of Pallava Rule

Further South: Pāṇḍyas, Cheras and the Rise of the Cholas — Fig. 3.19's Warriors and Fig. 3.20's Naṭarāja

Sāmantas, Bhuktis and Village Sabhās: How These Kingdoms Were Actually Run (Fig. 3.21, Fig. 3.22)

Merchant Guilds, Ports and Jātis: Who Traded, Who Was Excluded, and How the Kāyasthas Became a Jāti

Queens, Tantra, Jainism and the Bhakti Movement: Fig. 3.23's Bāhubalī, the 12 Ālvārs and the 63 Nāyanārs

Brahmagupta and the Galaxy of Mathematicians: Zero, Negative Numbers, and Fig. 3.25's Victory Pillars

The Hūṇas' Challenge and How They Vanished into India: Reading the Two Coins of Fig. 3.26

The Arabs in Sindh: 637 at Thānā, Muhammad bin Qasim, King Dāhar, and Three Centuries of Resistance

Mawsim Becomes Monsoon: The Word Table to Complete, and How Indian Numerals Reached Europe

Taking Stock: Fig. 3.27's Map of Twelve Dynasties, the Fifteen More Not Covered, and the Six Closing Points

Questions and Activities 1 to 7: The Letter to Kanchipuram, the Vassal System, and the Ruler–City Matching

▶ 4 Turning Tides: 11th and 12th Centuries 18 classes

Vivekananda's Rock, The Big Questions, and Fig. 4.1: Soldiers and Elephants at Khajuraho

A Chapter That Opens and Closes with an Invasion: Fig. 4.2's Timeline and a Word of Caution

The Hindu Shāhis and the Khyber Pass (Fig. 4.3), and the Rise of Mahmūd of Ghazni

Mathura, Kannauj and Somnath: Reading Fig. 4.4's Map and the Cost of Seventeen Raids

Al-Bīrūnī, the Scholar in the Invader's Camp: Fig. 4.6's Stamp and a Witness Against His Own Patron

Bhāskarāchārya and the Līlāvatī: The Herd of Elephants, and Fig. 4.7's Peacock and Snake

Why Did Mahmūd Do It? Fig. 4.8's Captive King, Fig. 4.9's Two-Language Coin, and the Senas of Bengal

The Eastern Gangas, and Reading Fig. 4.10: The Kingdoms of the South in the 11th and 12th Centuries

Kākatīya Warangal (Fig. 4.11) and the Hoysalas: 'Poy, Sāla' and the Name of a Dynasty

Hoysala Stone (Fig. 4.12) and Rājarāja Chola: Islands of the Sea, Anurādhapura, and a Vihāra for a Foreign King

Rājendra Chola I: 'The Chola Who Brought Gangā' (Fig. 4.13) and the Navy Sent to the Strait of Malacca

Bhoja the Scholar-King: The Lake at Bhojpur (Fig. 4.15), and the Ghūrids Take Ghazni

Tarain 1191 and 1192: Pṛithvīrāja III (Fig. 4.16), the Fall of Dhillikā, and Two Coins of Muhammad Ghūrī

The Burning of Nālandā: Jūzjānī's 'Bihār', the Library of Lakhs of Manuscripts, and Fig. 4.19

1206: Two Deaths, and How These Kingdoms Paid for Their Armies (Fig. 4.20)

Rāmānujāchārya and Basavaṇṇa (Figs. 4.21, 4.22): Two Thinkers Who Opened the Door

Angkor Wat (Fig. 4.23), the Lesson of Resilience, and Question 1 on Change and Continuity

Questions and Activities 2 to 8: The Star of Dynasties, the Distance Rājendra Sailed, and the Matching Exercise

▶ 5 India, a Home to Many 11 classes

Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam: The Hitopadeśha Verse, Sri Sarada Devi's Last Message, and The Big Questions

The Story of Indian Jews: The Bene Israel Shipwreck, the Raja of Kochi's Grant, and Vivekananda at Chicago (Fig. 5.1)

Reading Figs. 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4: A Plaque, a Synagogue Interior, and a Jewish Family in Mumbai

Milk and Sugar: Why the Parsis Came, Raja Jadi Rāṇā's Jug, and Fig. 5.6's Fire at Udvada

Fig. 5.7's Parsi Bride, and the Old Ties Between the Avesta and the Veda

Arab Merchants and the Siddis: Fig. 5.8's Cheraman Juma Masjid and Fig. 5.12's Padma Shri

Armenians in Agra, Kolkata and Chennai (Fig. 5.13), and the Baha'is (Fig. 5.14)

The Good Maharaja of Nawanagar (Fig. 5.15), and Why Tibetans Came: Nālandā's Monks and Sowa Rigpa

The Four Commitments and a Second Home: Fig. 5.17's Monastery at Bylakuppe

The Whole World Is Family: Atithi Devo Bhava, the Mettā Sutta, and Indian Values Beyond India

Questions and Activities 1 to 4: The World Map of Routes, the Key Values, and the Class Project

▶ 6 The State, the Government, and You 14 classes

Socrates on the Cost of Not Ruling: The Big Questions and Fig. 6.1, the Government and Us

What Is a State? Fig. 6.3's Four Parts and Roshini Didi's Answers in Fig. 6.4

The School and the Teachers: What a Government Is, Fig. 6.5, and Reading Fig. 6.6 with the Police

Democracy and Republic: Why the Constitution Makers Used Both Words, with Fig. 6.7's Preamble

The Dongria Kondh Hills and the 9 pm Delivery Ban: How a Republic Stops the Dominance of the Majority

Legislature (Fig. 6.10) and Executive: The Political and the Permanent Halves of the Government

Reading Fig. 6.11's Hierarchy, the Five Great Services, and C.B. Muthamma's Case (Fig. 6.12)

Protector, Provider, Regulator (Fig. 6.13) — and Why Problems Remain

Grievance Redressal (Fig. 6.14), the RTI at Bagepalli, and Using the Media (Fig. 6.15)

Civil Society and the Silent Valley (Fig. 6.16), Writing, Voting — and the Judiciary as Watchdog

Why the Judiciary Matters, and Three Tiers (Fig. 6.17): How Local Government Became the Third

Reading Fig. 6.18: Five Reasons for Decentralisation, Gandhi's Grām Swarāj, and Who Does What

Reading Fig. 6.19: How Three Levels and Three Organs Run One School System

Before We Move On, and Questions 1 to 5: The Student Council, the Limits of Parliament, and Your Family's Year

▶ 7 Infrastructure: Engine of India’ s Development 13 classes

Kalam's Test of a Developed India: The Big Questions and Fig. 7.1

The Morning Without Roads: What Physical Infrastructure Is, and Fig. 7.2's Seven Works

Rishabh's Journey and Satish's Tomatoes (Fig. 7.3): Infrastructure as a Jigsaw

Reading Fig. 7.4's Road Map, NH44 and the Golden Quadrilateral, and Two Bridges (Figs. 7.5, 7.6)

From 1853 to Today: Fig. 7.7's Colonial Network, Fig. 7.8's Electrification Chart and Fig. 7.9

Three Figures on One Railway: Fig. 7.10's Network, Fig. 7.11's Track Lengths and Fig. 7.12's Locomotives

Metros (Figs. 7.13, 7.14) and Air Transport (Figs. 7.15–7.17): Speed, Cargo and a Garden Airport

Reading Fig. 7.18's Airport Map, and Shipping: 12 Major Ports and Fig. 7.21's League Table

Rani's Voice Note and Fig. 7.22's Ports: The Invisible Journey of a Message

J.C. Bose, the Man Who Did Not Patent (Fig. 7.24), and Fig. 7.25's Telephones

Social Infrastructure, Littered Roads (Figs. 7.26, 7.27), and the Arthaśhāstra's Road Widths

The Community Responsibility Pact: Three Printed Tasks, and Before We Move On

Questions and Activities 1 to 7: The Scenario Posters, the Jobs Question, and the Innovation Hunt

▶ 8 Banks and the Magic of Finance 8 classes

Banks and the Magic of Finance — part 1

Banks and the Magic of Finance — part 2

Banks and the Magic of Finance — part 3

Banks and the Magic of Finance — part 4

Banks and the Magic of Finance — part 5

Banks and the Magic of Finance — part 6

Banks and the Magic of Finance — part 7

Banks and the Magic of Finance — part 8

Urdu 14 chapters

▶ 1 رت܇ا܇ٔہن و܇دح܇ ت 1 3 classes

رت܇ا܇ٔہن و܇دح܇ ت 1 — part 1

رت܇ا܇ٔہن و܇دح܇ ت 1 — part 2

رت܇ا܇ٔہن و܇دح܇ ت 1 — part 3

▶ 2 ܇ا܇کي رپ܇ا܇ين اہک܇ ين 2 3 classes

܇ا܇کي رپ܇ا܇ين اہک܇ ين 2 — part 1

܇ا܇کي رپ܇ا܇ين اہک܇ ين 2 — part 2

܇ا܇کي رپ܇ا܇ين اہک܇ ين 2 — part 3

▶ 3 ܇يلہپ ُا܇ڑ܇ا܇ ن 3 5 classes

܇يلہپ ُا܇ڑ܇ا܇ ن 3 — part 1

܇يلہپ ُا܇ڑ܇ا܇ ن 3 — part 2

܇يلہپ ُا܇ڑ܇ا܇ ن 3 — part 3

܇يلہپ ُا܇ڑ܇ا܇ ن 3 — part 4

܇يلہپ ُا܇ڑ܇ا܇ ن 3 — part 5

▶ 4 ین ܇܇ اپ 4 4 classes

ین ܇܇ اپ 4 — part 1

ین ܇܇ اپ 4 — part 2

ین ܇܇ اپ 4 — part 3

ین ܇܇ اپ 4 — part 4

▶ 5 5 ܇ ونگج 2 classes

5 ܇ ونگج — part 1

5 ܇ ونگج — part 2

▶ 6 اّ܇ں يک اب܇ تمّي اھ و܇ ڑب 4 classes

اّ܇ں يک اب܇ تمّي اھ و܇ ڑب — part 1

اّ܇ں يک اب܇ تمّي اھ و܇ ڑب — part 2

اّ܇ں يک اب܇ تمّي اھ و܇ ڑب — part 3

اّ܇ں يک اب܇ تمّي اھ و܇ ڑب — part 4

▶ 7 ڈڈيگ ܇ری دمحم امثع܇ ن ܇܇ رب 7 6 classes

ڈڈيگ ܇ری دمحم امثع܇ ن ܇܇ رب 7 — part 1

ڈڈيگ ܇ری دمحم امثع܇ ن ܇܇ رب 7 — part 2

ڈڈيگ ܇ری دمحم امثع܇ ن ܇܇ رب 7 — part 3

ڈڈيگ ܇ری دمحم امثع܇ ن ܇܇ رب 7 — part 4

ڈڈيگ ܇ری دمحم امثع܇ ن ܇܇ رب 7 — part 5

ڈڈيگ ܇ری دمحم امثع܇ ن ܇܇ رب 7 — part 6

▶ 8 ! ܇دق܇م ڑب܇اھ܇وئ د܇و܇ وتس 2 classes

! ܇دق܇م ڑب܇اھ܇وئ د܇و܇ وتس — part 1

! ܇دق܇م ڑب܇اھ܇وئ د܇و܇ وتس — part 2

▶ 9 9 ر܇ا܇د܇اھ رک܇ ننشپيل ܇܇ڈ܇ا܇رٹک رس܇ و 4 classes

9 ر܇ا܇د܇اھ رک܇ ننشپيل ܇܇ڈ܇ا܇رٹک رس܇ و — part 1

9 ر܇ا܇د܇اھ رک܇ ننشپيل ܇܇ڈ܇ا܇رٹک رس܇ و — part 2

9 ر܇ا܇د܇اھ رک܇ ننشپيل ܇܇ڈ܇ا܇رٹک رس܇ و — part 3

9 ر܇ا܇د܇اھ رک܇ ننشپيل ܇܇ڈ܇ا܇رٹک رس܇ و — part 4

▶ 10 ܇ويچ܇ويٹن܇ں يک اطق܇ ر 10 3 classes

܇ويچ܇ويٹن܇ں يک اطق܇ ر 10 — part 1

܇ويچ܇ويٹن܇ں يک اطق܇ ر 10 — part 2

܇ويچ܇ويٹن܇ں يک اطق܇ ر 10 — part 3

▶ 11 11 ܇د܇و ولیب܇ں یک اہک܇ ین 5 classes

11 ܇د܇و ولیب܇ں یک اہک܇ ین — part 1

11 ܇د܇و ولیب܇ں یک اہک܇ ین — part 2

11 ܇د܇و ولیب܇ں یک اہک܇ ین — part 3

11 ܇د܇و ولیب܇ں یک اہک܇ ین — part 4

11 ܇د܇و ولیب܇ں یک اہک܇ ین — part 5

▶ 12 مہام ܇ر܇ ے لیھک 12 5 classes

مہام ܇ر܇ ے لیھک 12 — part 1

مہام ܇ر܇ ے لیھک 12 — part 2

مہام ܇ر܇ ے لیھک 12 — part 3

مہام ܇ر܇ ے لیھک 12 — part 4

مہام ܇ر܇ ے لیھک 12 — part 5

▶ 13 يئ ܇ ابي ܇܇اکلھج܇ ر 13 4 classes

يئ ܇ ابي ܇܇اکلھج܇ ر 13 — part 1

يئ ܇ ابي ܇܇اکلھج܇ ر 13 — part 2

يئ ܇ ابي ܇܇اکلھج܇ ر 13 — part 3

يئ ܇ ابي ܇܇اکلھج܇ ر 13 — part 4

▶ 14 یجول ܇ ِڈیجیلٹی انکیٹ 14 5 classes

یجول ܇ ِڈیجیلٹی انکیٹ 14 — part 1

یجول ܇ ِڈیجیلٹی انکیٹ 14 — part 2

یجول ܇ ِڈیجیلٹی انکیٹ 14 — part 3

یجول ܇ ِڈیجیلٹی انکیٹ 14 — part 4

یجول ܇ ِڈیجیلٹی انکیٹ 14 — part 5

Vocational Education 7 chapters

▶ 1 Work with Life Forms 19 classes

Work with Life Forms, and Project 1: Plant Nursery — What You Will Be Able to Do (Figure 1.1)

What Plants Need Beyond Air, Sunlight, Water and Nutrients: Humidity and Optimal Temperature

Why Plant Nurseries Exist, and the Printed Heading 'What Will I Be Able to Do?' (Did You Know: Thimmamma Marimanu, Figure 1.2)

'What Will I Need?' — Gardening Tools, Nursery Materials and Other Materials (Figure 1.3)

'How Do I Keep Myself and Others Safe?' — The Seven Nursery Precautions and the Internet Safety Box

'What Do I Need to Know Before I Start?' — Types of Nursery, and Who to Invite if There Is None Nearby

Activity 1: Visit to a Nearby Plant Nursery — The Six-Line Visit Record and the First Three Questions for the Expert

Activity 1 Continued: Eight Questions on How a Nursery Keeps Plants Alive, and Table 1.1 (Figure 1.4)

'What Do I Have to Do?' — The Seven Steps of Growing Plants in a Nursery (Figure 1.5)

Activity 2: Planning and Laying Out the Plant Nursery — Choosing the Site and Drawing the Layout (Figures 1.6, 1.7)

Activity 3: Preparing the Land and Setting Up the Shade-net (Figures 1.8, 1.9, 1.10)

Activity 4: Germinating Seeds — The Six-Step Germination Test and the Germination Percentage (Figure 1.11)

Activity 5 and Method 1: Sowing Seeds on a Raised-bed Nursery (Figures 1.13, 1.14; Did You Know: Rahibai Soma Popere, Figure 1.12)

Method 2: Sowing Seeds in Plug or Seedling Trays with Cocopeat (Figure 1.15)

Method 3: Raising Plants Using Stem Cuttings — Softwood, Semi-hardwood and Hardwood (Figure 1.16)

Activity 6: Watching Plants Grow — Keeping the Nursery Record in Table 1.2

Activity 7: Calculating the Cost of Items and Materials (Table 1.3), and Digital Tools for the Nursery

'What Did I Learn from Others?' and 'What Did I Do and How Long Did It Take?' — The Reflection and the Activity Timeline

'What Else Can I Do?' and 'Think and Answer' — Extending the Project and Naming the Jobs Behind It

▶ 2 School Habitat Garden 23 classes

Project 2: School Habitat Garden — The Five Printed Outcomes (Figure 2.1)

The Animals That Live Alongside Us, and What Habitat Loss Does to Them (Figures 2.2, 2.3)

The Four Essentials of Every Habitat — Space, Shelter, Food and Water — and How They Differ Animal by Animal (Figures 2.4, 2.5)

Sanctuaries and National Parks, What the Word 'Sanctuary' Means, and 'What Will I Be Able to Do?'

'What Will I Need?' — Gardening Tools, and the Non-plant Elements That Attract Animals

'How Do I Keep Myself and Others Safe?' — Three Precautions About Animals, Internet Safety, and What to Know Before You Start

Activity 1: Identifying Animals in and Around the School, and Table 2.1 (Figures 2.6, 2.7)

Activity 2: Interaction with an Expert — Who Counts as an Expert, and the Three Printed Questions

Tables 2.2 and 2.3: Recording What Animals Need, and How to Keep the Unwanted Ones Out, and 'What Do I Have to Do?'

Did You Know: Fireflies, Light Pollution and the Farmer's Problem (Figure 2.8), and Identification Using Apps

Activity 3: Identifying Natural Habitats — Where and When to Observe, and Table 2.4 (Figure 2.9 a, b, c)

Activity 4: Identifying Needs of Animals — Table 2.5 for the House Sparrow, the Spider, Butterflies and Squirrels

Did You Know: Dustbathing, Water Bathing and Mudpuddling (Figure 2.10)

Activity 5: Designing the Habitat Garden — The Seven Printed Design Questions (Figure 2.11)

Drawing the Layout Sketch, and Keeping the Unwanted Animals Out

Mimicking Habitats: Nesting Boxes, Butterfly Puddles and Feeders, and Shelters for Beneficial Insects

Activity 6: Creating the Habitat Garden — The Six Printed Steps, and the Non-plant Elements (Figures 2.12 to 2.16)

A Self-sustaining Environment: Food Chain and Biodiversity in Your Own Garden (Figure 2.17)

Activity 7: Observing the Occupants of the Habitat Garden — Table 2.6, and Why Patience Is Part of the Work

Activity 8: Maintaining the Habitat Garden — The Maintenance Schedule in Table 2.7

Activity 9: Showcasing Your Work for Kaushal Mela, and 'What Did I Learn from Others?'

The Time-lapse Video, the Activity Timeline for Activities 1 to 9, and 'What Else Can I Do?'

Think and Answer: The Six Closing Questions, and the Jobs Behind a Habitat Garden

▶ 3 Work with Machines and Materials 26 classes

Part 2: Work with Machines and Materials — The Projects on Offer, and the One-Project Rule

Project 3: Tie and Dye — The Four Printed Outcomes (Figure 3.1)

India's Textile Traditions, and Bandhani as a Resist Dye Technique (Figure 3.2)

Madurai Sungudi, Batik, and the Ajanta Evidence — Why No Two Pieces Are Alike (Figures 3.3, 3.4)

'What Will I Be Able to Do?' and 'What Will I Need?' — Fabric, Tying Materials, Dyes and Fixers

'How Do I Keep Myself and Others Safe?' — The Four Dye Precautions, the Tools List, and the Nakhli (Figure 3.5)

'What Do I Need to Know Before I Start?' — Reading the Bandhani Samples (Figure 3.6), and Leheriya and Shibori

Who to Visit and Who to Invite, and Activity 1: Visit to a Shop (Figure 3.7)

Table 3.1 and the Four Shop Questions, and What Else Tie and Dye Can Be Used For

Activity 2: A Visit to a Tie and Dye Workshop — The Eight Printed Questions (Figure 3.8)

Figure 3.9: The Eight-Step Tie and Dye Process Flow Chart

'What Do I Have to Do?' and Activity 3, Step 1: Preparing the Five Sample Fabrics (Figure 3.10, Table 3.2)

Step 2: Tying the Fabric, and the Bandhani Tying Technique (Figure 3.11)

Table 3.3: The Traditional Bandhani Patterns — Ekdali, Trikunti, Chaubandi and Satbandi

The Shibori Tying Technique — Running Stitches, Gathering and the Firm Knot (Figure 3.12)

The Leheriya Tying Technique — Accordion Pleats and Tying at Equal Intervals (Figure 3.13)

Table 3.4: Recording Every Sample, and Step 3: Choosing the Ingredients for a Natural Dye

Making Pink and Yellow Dye from Beetroot and Turmeric, and Why Heating Matters (Figures 3.14, 3.15)

Table 3.5: Five More Plant Dyes, Passive Heating and Cold Water Dyes, and Table 3.6

Figure 3.16: Dye, Dry and Untie; Table 3.7's Common Challenges; and Step 4: The Swatch File

Activity 4, Step 1: Selecting the Product and the Fabric (Figures 3.17, 3.18)

Step 2: Design Inspiration, Colour and Technique (Figures 3.19, 3.20), and Step 3: Tie and Dye the Product

Table 3.8, Step 4: Untying and Pressing, Reverse Tie and Dye, and Activity 5: What Did You Invest?

Table 3.9: Costing the Product, and 'What Did I Learn from Others?'

The Activity Timeline, and 'What Else Can I Do?' — Ornamentation (Table 3.10)

Think and Answer: The Journey of a Tie and Dye Product, and the Jobs Along It

▶ 4 AI Assistant 24 classes

Project 4: AI Assistant — The Four Printed Outcomes (Figure 4.1)

What Intelligence Means, and How a Machine Learns to Recognise a Banyan Tree

AI in Everyday Life, What AI Cannot Do, and 'What Will I Be Able to Do?'

'What Will I Need?' and 'How Do I Keep Myself and Others Safe?' — Internet Safety and Sensitivity (Figure 4.2)

'What Do I Need to Know Before I Start?' and Activity 1: Human vs Machine — The Three Tasks

Running the Speed, Guessing and Prediction Tests, and Filling Tables 4.1 and 4.2

What the Tests Showed, and Activity 2: AI Can Listen (Did You Know: Prof. Stephen Hawking, Figure 4.3)

AI Can See and Speak, and the Three Apps to Try: Google Lens, Photomath and Bhashini (Figure 4.4)

Finding More Tools and Table 4.3, and Activity 3: Is AI Creative? (Figure 4.5)

Writing Your Story, What an 'AI Prompt' Is, and Comparing the Two Versions

Improving the Prompt, and AutoDraw: Where AI and You Help Each Other (Figures 4.6, 4.7)

Activity 4: Preparing to Design Your Own AI Assistant — The Eight Categories

Dividing the Work, What 'Data' Means, and Aisha's Mangoes (Table 4.4)

Collecting Image Data the Way Aisha Does — Angles, Backgrounds, Brightness and Sizes (Figure 4.8)

Table 4.5, and Activity 5: Teaching the Machine to Recognise Images

Organising the Data into Named Folders, and Table 4.6 (Figure 4.9)

Activity 6: Training for Recognition — The Three Teachable Machine Steps (Figure 4.10)

Testing the Model Two Ways, Exporting It, and Table 4.7 (Figure 4.11)

Activity 7: Testing and Improving — The Four Printed Questions

Activity 8: Making the AI Assistant Interactive with MIT AI Raise Playground (Figure 4.12)

Activity 9: Sharing with Others, 'What Did I Learn from Others?', and the Timeline for Activities 1 to 9

'What Else Can I Do?' — Training AI with Audio Data in Three Steps

Think and Answer, What an 'Algorithm' Is, and Figure 4.13: Planning Your Project

Completing the Algorithm for Your Own Project, and the Jobs Behind AI

▶ 5 Work in Human Services 25 classes

Part 3: Work in Human Services — The Projects on Offer, and the One-Project Rule

Project 5: Storytime with Puppets — The Four Printed Outcomes (Figure 5.1)

India's Storytelling Traditions, and What Makes a Puppet a Puppet (Figure 5.2)

Puppetry, Its Advantages, and the Social Messages Puppets Carry (Did You Know: the Karanpura Puppet-headed Bull, Figure 5.3)

'What Will I Be Able to Do?' and 'What Will I Need?' — The Four Printed Material Groups

'How Do I Keep Myself and Others Safe?' — The Four Precautions and Internet Safety

'What Do I Need to Know Before I Start?' and Activity 1: What Makes Stories Work?

Activity 2: Watching a Puppet Show — What to Observe, and the Five Printed Questions

'What Do I Have to Do?' and Activity 3: Selecting or Writing a Story

Table 5.1: The Key Elements of Your Story

Activity 4: Writing a Script, and the Worked Script for 'Gopal and the Hilsa Fish' (Table 5.2)

Table 5.3: The Script Template, and Activity 5: Character Sketch (Figure 5.4)

Drawing a Puppet with Graph Paper (Figures 5.5, 5.6), and Planning Which Puppets to Make

Activity 6: Making Puppets — Sock, Spoon and Fork, and Slipper or Shoe Puppets (Figures 5.7, 5.8)

Ball, Vegetable, Leaf and Cardboard Puppets (Figures 5.9 to 5.13)

Making Puppet Heads: The Nine Steps of Figure 5.14

Painting the Face (Figure 5.16), Papier-mâché (Figure 5.15), and Making the Body (Figure 5.17)

Movement (Figures 5.18, 5.19, 5.20), and Table 5.4: Planning Your Puppets

Activity 7 and (a) Stage — Three Ways to Set One (Figures 5.21, 5.22, 5.23)

(b) Backdrop (Figure 5.24) and (c) Props (Figure 5.25)

(d) Voice, and (e) Sound and Music (Figure 5.26)

(f) Light, and (g) Puppeteer — Why Your Face Must Stay Flat

Activity 8: The Pre-show Checklist (Table 5.5), the Stage Sketch, and Table 5.6: The Cast

Audience Feedback, 'What Did I Learn from Others?', and the Timeline for Activities 1 to 8

'What Else Can I Do?' and Think and Answer: The Five Closing Questions

▶ 6 Family Health Handbook 23 classes

Project 6: Family Health Handbook — The Five Printed Outcomes (Figure 6.1)

What Family Health Means, and the Factors That Make It: Diet, Fitness, Sleep and Mental Well-being

Why People Still Fall Ill, the Five Essential Factors, and 'What Will I Be Able to Do?'

'What Will I Need?' — The Handbook and the First-aid Materials, and the Five Safety Precautions

'What Do I Need to Know Before I Start?' and Activity 1: The Eight Factors Affecting Health

Did You Know: What Health Experts Recommend on Diet, Sleep and Physical Fitness

'What Do I Have to Do?', Mental Well-being, and Activity 2: Framing Your Own Questions

The Four Sample Questions, and Whom to Ask — ASHA and Anganwadi Workers

Activity 3: Visit to a Hospital, PHC or CHC — What to Observe, the Record, and the Emergency Numbers (Figure 6.2)

The Eight Printed Questions for the Doctors and Nurses

Activity 4: Creating a First-aid Kit, and What First-aid Is For

Figures 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5: Bandaging a Wound, Treating a Burn, and Making ORS

The First-aid Kit Workshop: Its Format and Its Six-point Content (Figure 6.6)

Activity 5: Factors Affecting Health at Different Ages, and the Six Age Groups

Table 6.1: The Printed Health Questions on Diet, Fitness, Sleep and Mental Well-being

Table 6.2: The Environmental Questions, and Measuring Noise and Air Quality

Did You Know: Testing Drinking Water with the H2S Strip Test (Figure 6.7)

Activity 6: Analysing the Data in Table 6.3, and Activity 7: Deciding Who Must Act

Table 6.4, and Taking Action: Making a Soak Pit (Figures 6.8, 6.9)

Activity 8: The Six Areas of Preventive Action, and the Malaria Box

Table 6.5: The Action Tracker, and the Shloka from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

'What Did I Learn from Others?', the Timeline, and 'What Else Can I Do?' (Figure 6.10)

Think and Answer: The Five Closing Questions, and the Jobs in Health

▶ 7 Planning for Kaushal Mela 1 class

Planning

▶

CBSE Class 8

🎓 Open this class

Arts 19 chapters

▶ 1 yathā "veṣhṭitamathita gumpha 11 classes

The Garland of Flowers: Abhinava Gupta, and How Theatre Is Assessed

Rehearsed Reading: When the First Step Becomes the Performance

Where the Voice Comes From: The Three Voice Subsystems

Activity 1.1: Clarity in Speech and the Tongue Twisters

Activity 1.2: Diction, Speed, Intonation and Word Impact

Volume and Pitch: What the Lion, the Mouse and the Owl Teach an Actor

Activity 1.3: Guess the Animal Emotion

Activity 1.4: If You Are an Actor - Choosing Volume and Pitch for Three Lines

Activity 1.5: Speaking Without Language - Gibberish, Basic and Advanced

Circle Time, and the Plays Recommended for Reading

Good Speech Is a Life Skill: Key Takeaways and the Chapter Rubric

▶ 2 One Stage Many Scripts 11 classes

Why the Script Comes First: The Five Things Writing Does

Scripts for Stage, and Drama in Ancient India: Rupaka and Drushya Kavya

Dasha Rupaka: The Ten Forms of Drama in the Natyashastra

The Modern Half of the Same Table: One-Act to Adapted Script

Do You Know: Brahma's Samavakara and the Amrita Manthana

Activity 2.1: Script Your Style - Four Ways to Write One Story

What a Genre Is, and Six of Them

Experimental, Fantasy, Docudrama, Tragicomedy - and Why Genre Is Necessary

Genres Outside Theatre, and Two Playwrights: Bharatendu Harishchandra and T. P. Kailasam

Activity 2.2: Genre Genius - Naming the Genre of Four Stories

Circle Time, the Basics You Must Not Miss, and the Chapter Assessment

▶ 3 From Page 18 classes

Theatre-Making: What This Chapter Asks You to Build

Scene 1 Begins: The Circular, the Six Weeks, and the Hunt for a Story

Choosing Between Three Stories, and the First Team Forms

The Seven Teams on the Board, and Why Nobody Volunteers

Backstage Work Is Not Optional, and Scene 2: Work Begins

Karan Reads, the Class Interrupts, and the Writer Walks Out

How Feedback Is Given, and Scene 3: Rehearsals and Preparation

Every Team Hits a Wall: The Storyboard Chart and the Check-In

Scene 4: The First Run-through, and the Teachers' Corrections

Scene 5: Showtime - Last Checks and the Team Prayer

The Show: When Aditya Does Not Appear

Activity 3.1: Thought Splash

The Analysis Table, Scenes 1 to 4: Steps for Preparation and Lessons Learnt

Showtime in the Table, and the Pages of Preparation and Show

Activity 3.2: Quiz Time - How a Script Is Written on the Page

The Show Must Go On: A Superpower for Life

Dharwad, 1995: The Backdrop Held by Hand for an Hour

Circle Time: Your Strengths and Weaknesses, and the Chapter Assessment

▶ 4 Applause and Advice 7 classes

Being a Good Audience: Your Duty in the Seats

Natyashastra Chapter 27, and What a Review Actually Is

The Three Types of Review, and Activity 4.1: Play Watching

The Seven Steps of Preparing to Watch a Play

Writing a Review: Five Rules, and Circle Time

Activity 4.2: Watch and Reflect - Reviewing Two Photographs

The Chapter Assessment and the Year's Summative Assessment

▶ 5 Yoyam dhwanivisheshastu swar varna vibhushitah I 11 classes

What a Raga Is: Matanga's Brihaddeshi, and How Music Is Studied This Year

The Four Competency Goals of Music

The Three Elements of Music, and Activity 5.1: Extending Your Range

Harmony, and Activity 5.2: Sargam in Teentala

Activity 5.3: Warmups in Harmony - Singing in Thirds

Activity 5.4: Sanskrit Verses and Rhythm - Anushtup Chhand

Activity 5.5: Konnakkol in Adi Tala, at Three Speeds

Activity 5.6: Swaras in Adi Tala, and the Tabla Patterns of Hindustani Music

Activity 5.7: The Saraswati Paran, and Activity 5.8: Ek Gun to Chaugun

Activity 5.9: Leading and Participating in an Ensemble

The Maihar Band, the Patriotic Song, and the Chapter Assessment

▶ 6 Musical Instruments 8 classes

The Science of Sound: Vibration, Resonance, Frequency and Timbre

Making a Drum: What an Instrument Maker Does

Annapurna Devi and the Surbahar

Pannalal Ghosh and the Bansuri

Mysore Doraiswamy Iyengar and the Veena

Activity 6.1: Finding Twelve Instruments in the Grid

Activity 6.2: Mapping Ten Percussion Instruments of India

Activity 6.3: The Crossword of Musical Instruments, and the Chapter Assessment

▶ 7 Indian 12 classes

The Seven Talas of Carnatic Music, the Three Angas, and Jhampa Talam Alankaram

Thrisra Jathi Triputa Talam Alankaram, and the Carnatic Ensemble

Khanda Jathi Ata Talam and Chatushra Jathi Eka Talam Alankarams

Sri Gananatham Bhajare: What a Kriti Is, and the Pallavi

The Anupallavi and the Madhyama Kalam

The Charanam

Raag Asavari: Its Notes, Its Time, and Activity 7.1

The Lakshan Geet in Teentala: Reading the Sthayi Notation

The Antara of the Lakshan Geet

Raga Asavari in Jhaptal: The Sargam Geet

Bhakti Sangeet and Sufi Qawwali

Tulsidas's Bhajan, the Qawwali, and the Chapter Assessment

▶ 8 INSPIRATION 6 classes

Inspiring Artists: Ravindra Jain, and Activity 8.1

Musical Monuments: Belur, Gwalior and Konark

Musical Pillars, and How They Work

Activity 8.2: Explore a Music Institution

Imagining My Future, and Activity 8.3: Report on Your Future Self

Activity 8.4: The Musical Autobiography, and the Chapter Assessment

▶ 9 My World of Music 8 classes

Music Everywhere: Traditional Music in Popular Culture

Two Traditional Songs: Rind Posh Maal and Nimbooda

Applications of Music: Jingles, Sporting Anthems, and Activity 9.2

Music and Climate Change, and Activity 9.3: Write a Song for Change

Careers in Music: Sound Engineer, Music Producer, Event Manager, Music Therapist

Music Therapy and the Music Educator, and Activity 9.4

Activity 9.5: Behind the Scenes, and Activity 9.6: Event Promotion

The Chapter Assessment and the Music Summative Assessment

▶ 10 Kāvyaṁ na bhāvena vinā, na bhāvena vinā rasaḥ | 6 classes

Kāvyaṁ na bhāvena vinā, na bhāvena vinā rasaḥ | — part 1

Kāvyaṁ na bhāvena vinā, na bhāvena vinā rasaḥ | — part 2

Kāvyaṁ na bhāvena vinā, na bhāvena vinā rasaḥ | — part 3

Kāvyaṁ na bhāvena vinā, na bhāvena vinā rasaḥ | — part 4

Kāvyaṁ na bhāvena vinā, na bhāvena vinā rasaḥ | — part 5

Kāvyaṁ na bhāvena vinā, na bhāvena vinā rasaḥ | — part 6

▶ 11 PAN INDIAN DANCE FORMS 4 classes

PAN INDIAN DANCE FORMS — part 1

PAN INDIAN DANCE FORMS — part 2

PAN INDIAN DANCE FORMS — part 3

PAN INDIAN DANCE FORMS — part 4

▶ 12 DANCE FOR WELL-BEING 4 classes

DANCE FOR WELL-BEING — part 1

DANCE FOR WELL-BEING — part 2

DANCE FOR WELL-BEING — part 3

DANCE FOR WELL-BEING — part 4

▶ 13 INNOVATION, INCLUSIVITY AND INSPIRING CHANGE 3 classes

INNOVATION, INCLUSIVITY AND INSPIRING CHANGE — part 1

INNOVATION, INCLUSIVITY AND INSPIRING CHANGE — part 2

INNOVATION, INCLUSIVITY AND INSPIRING CHANGE — part 3

▶ 14 A PRESENTATION OF DANCE 3 classes

A PRESENTATION OF DANCE — part 1

A PRESENTATION OF DANCE — part 2

A PRESENTATION OF DANCE — part 3

▶ 15 Kriti — chapter 15 5 classes

Kriti — chapter 15 — part 1

Kriti — chapter 15 — part 2

Kriti — chapter 15 — part 3

Kriti — chapter 15 — part 4

Kriti — chapter 15 — part 5

▶ 16 STILL LIFE IN COLOUR 3 classes

STILL LIFE IN COLOUR — part 1

STILL LIFE IN COLOUR — part 2

STILL LIFE IN COLOUR — part 3

▶ 17 PEOPLE IN PLACES 4 classes

PEOPLE IN PLACES — part 1

PEOPLE IN PLACES — part 2

PEOPLE IN PLACES — part 3

PEOPLE IN PLACES — part 4

▶ 18 ARTS OF THE PEOPLE, WITH THE PEOPLE, FOR THE PEOPLE 3 classes

ARTS OF THE PEOPLE, WITH THE PEOPLE, FOR THE PEOPLE — part 1

ARTS OF THE PEOPLE, WITH THE PEOPLE, FOR THE PEOPLE — part 2

ARTS OF THE PEOPLE, WITH THE PEOPLE, FOR THE PEOPLE — part 3

▶ 19 CAMPAIGN FOR ART AWARENESS 3 classes

CAMPAIGN FOR ART AWARENESS — part 1

CAMPAIGN FOR ART AWARENESS — part 2

CAMPAIGN FOR ART AWARENESS — part 3

English 5 chapters

▶ 1 WIT AND WISDOM 37 classes

Before We Read: Which Qualities Belong to Wit, and Four Riddles

Discuss in Pairs, and the Golden Era of Krishnadeva Raya

The Queen's Account, and Rama's Plate of Paddy Seeds

The Yawn in Open Court, and Let Us Discuss: Rectify Five False Statements

Let Us Think and Reflect: Both Extracts, Eight Questions

Answer the Following: Six Questions Across the Whole Story

Let Us Learn: Expressions from the Story, and Ten Words for Sound

Let Us Learn: Compound Words - Closed, Hyphenated and Open

Let Us Learn: If-Clauses and the Three Conditionals

Let Us Listen: The Bundle Wrapped in Silk

Let Us Speak: Intonation, Question Words and Word Order

Let Us Write: Reading and Building a Narrative Essay

Let Us Explore: Limericks, Library Stories, and the Riddle Answers

Before We Read the Poem: Ten Things in a Garden, and the Word 'Concrete'

'A Concrete Example': The Poem, and the Summary in Exact Words

Let Us Discuss: Tone, Rhyme Scheme, Alliteration, Refrain, Irony and the Pun

Let Us Think and Reflect: The First Stanza Under the Microscope

Answer the Following: Five Questions on Mrs. Jones

Let Us Learn: The Exact Word, Five Kinds of Instrument, and Changing One Letter

Let Us Listen: Nek Chand's Rock Garden; Let Us Speak: How to Apologise

Let Us Write: A Notice; Let Us Explore: Amrit Udyan and a Herbarium

'A Sea of Foliage' by Toru Dutt: A Whole Sonnet Inside the Explore Box

Before We Read the Play: Knowledge or Wisdom?

Scene I: The Cast, the Setting, and the Road to Ujjain

Tracks in the Dust, and Four Astonishing Questions

'You Are Deceivers!' and Let Us Discuss: Supply the Reason

Scene II: The King's Court; Ram Datt and Shiv Datt Explain

Har Datt, Dev Datt, and the King's Offer: Curtain

Let Us Discuss: Putting Scene II Back in Order

Let Us Think and Reflect: Both Extracts from the Play

Answer the Following: Six Questions on the Play

Let Us Learn: Nouns from Verbs, Eight Expressions, and 'Face' and 'Bear'

Let Us Learn: Modal Verbs - Eleven Jobs, a Story, and Rewriting

Let Us Listen: Four Speakers on Wit; Let Us Speak: Where the Stress Falls

Let Us Write: A Letter of Complaint About the Kutcha Road

Let Us Explore: Staging the Play in Thirteen Steps

Let Us Explore: Four Story Worlds, and Two Sayings on Learning

▶ 2 VALUES AND DISPOSITIONS 42 classes

Before We Read: The Republic Day Parade, and What a Soldier Should Be

Who Was Major Somnath Sharma? Ninety Men Against Five Hundred

Operation Gulmarg, the Accession, and a Major with His Arm in Plaster

Badgam: The Feint, the Air Strikes, and Seven to One

'I Shall Not Withdraw an Inch': The Last Stand and the Param Vir Chakra

The Early Life: Kangra, the Mahabharata, Sandhurst and Burma

The Honour Wall at the National War Memorial

Let Us Discuss: Eight Events of a Life and a Battle, in Order

Let Us Think and Reflect: Both Extracts, Eight Questions

Answer the Following: Six Questions on Valour and Legacy

Let Us Learn: Four Battle Expressions, and the Collective Nouns of the Forces

Let Us Learn: Verbs Beginning 'Over-', and the Nouns and Verbs that Differ by One Letter

Let Us Learn: Subject-Verb Agreement, and Correcting the Parade Passage

Let Us Listen: The Param Vir Chakra; Let Us Speak: How I Will Serve My Nation

Let Us Write: A Letter of Enquiry About a Memorial Visit

Let Us Explore: Captain Vikram Batra, the Gallantry Awards, Women in the Forces, and Birsa Munda

Before We Read: Words for the Old and the Young, and Four Meanings of 'Ragged'

'Somebody's Mother' by Mary Dow Brine: The Whole Poem

Let Us Discuss: The Poem's Events in Order, and Its Theme, Tone and Form

Let Us Discuss: Simile, Alliteration, Repetition, Imagery and the Analogy

Let Us Think and Reflect: Both Extracts from the Poem

Answer the Following: Six Questions on Kindness and Humanity

Let Us Learn: The Antonym Grid, and Six Words from the Poem

Let Us Learn: Six 'Hand' Idioms, Five Analogies, and the Word 'Lest'

Let Us Listen: Rohan Bahir and the Domri River

Let Us Speak: The Three Sounds of '-ed', and Telling Your Own Story

Let Us Write: A Diary Entry; Let Us Explore: Prithvi-Sukta and the Motherland

'A Nation's Strength' by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and a Gratitude Card

Before We Read: Six Ways of Sending a Message, Oldest to Newest

A Letter to Siddharth: Why Writing Outlasts a Telephone Call

The Careers He Did Not Choose, and the Value He Calls Integrity

The Padma Vibhushan, a Medal Round a Boy's Neck, and the Dedication

Let Us Discuss: Fact or Opinion - Eight Statements from the Letter

Let Us Think and Reflect: Extract 1, the Fast-Paced World

Let Us Think and Reflect: Extract 2, the Grandmother's Choice

Answer the Following: Six Questions on a Life of Service

Let Us Learn: Synonyms, Six Expressions, Words Inside Words, and Antakshari

Let Us Learn: The Two Dashes, the Three Contractions, Prepositional Phrases and Word Order

Let Us Listen: Evelyn Glennie, Who Hears with Her Skin

Let Us Speak: PRESent and preSENT, and the Sound of '-sure'

'Don't Quit' by Edgar Albert Guest: Pausing, Chunking, and a Letter to Your Grandparents

Let Us Explore: Three Revolutions, Jan Shikshan Sansthan, and Financial Literacy

▶ 3 MYSTERY AND MAGIC 46 classes

Before We Read: An Anagram Crossword, and Four Meanings of 'Case'

Encyclopedia Brown of Idaville, and Why His Father Says Nothing

Tuesday Night Soup: The Diamond Mart Hold-Up and Two Men from Prison

The Search, the Will, and Let Us Discuss: Four Reasons to Supply

The Calendar Sheet: Nom Utes Sweden Hurts, and One Question About a Fir Tree

Mrs Brown Reads the Words Literally, and 'Under the Fifth Word'

The Solution: Days of the Week with d-a-y Removed

Let Us Discuss: Fact or Opinion, and Four Traits of Leroy

Let Us Think and Reflect: Extract 1, the Boy Nobody Would Believe

Let Us Think and Reflect: Extract 2, Three People and One Code

Answer the Following: Seven Questions, and a Character Sketch

Let Us Learn: Six Phrasal Verbs, and Five Pairs of Homophones

Let Us Learn: Rebus Puzzles and Spoonerisms

Let Us Learn: Relative Words, and Combining Two Sentences into One

Let Us Learn: Direct Speech into Reported Speech

Reporting a Whole Conversation; Let Us Listen: Five Ways to Observe Better

Let Us Speak: Saying the Word, and Holding a Group Discussion

Let Us Write: Reading the Sample Report

Let Us Write: Your Own Report; Let Us Explore: Illusions, a Word Game, an Encyclopedia and a Thesaurus

Before We Read the Poem: A Magical Object, Acts of Kindness, and Sorting Words

The Poem, Part One: A Twig in the Sand, and the Man with the Brush

The Poem, Part Two: The Zamindar, the Cell, and the Escape

The Poem's Ending, and Let Us Discuss: Ten Events in Order

Let Us Discuss: Rhyme Scheme, Genre, Imagery, Symbols and the Moral

Let Us Think and Reflect: Extract 1, the Man Who Gave the Brush

Let Us Think and Reflect: Extract 2, the Zamindar's Order

Answer the Following: Seven Questions on Gopi

Let Us Learn: Six Meanings of 'Draw', and the Poem's Crossword

Let Us Learn: Seven Interjections, and What Each One Means

Let Us Listen: Five Wishes; Let Us Speak: Falling Tone and Making Requests

Let Us Write: Reading 'My Life as EcoFlash', and the Eight-Point Checklist

Write Your Own Imaginative Essay; Let Us Explore: P.C. Sorcar, Four Riddles, and a Magical Object

Before We Read: Sorting Natural Wonders from Man-made Ones

The Valley of Flowers, and How a Bridge Is Grown Instead of Built

The Living Root Bridges, and the Crater a Meteorite Made

The Magnetic Hills of Ladakh, and the Glowing Waters of Kerala

The Sundarbans, the Sea That Disappears, and What the Seven Wonders Add Up To

Let Us Discuss: Completing the Table of Seven Wonders

Let Us Think and Reflect: Extract 1, Mystifying Natural Phenomena

Let Us Think and Reflect: Extract 2, the Sea That Plays Hide-and-Seek

Answer the Following: Five Questions on the Wonders

Let Us Learn: Six Expressions, Five Synonyms, and Eight Binomials

Let Us Learn: Participles and Gerunds, and How to Tell Them Apart

Let Us Listen: The Rainbow Mountain of Peru

Let Us Speak: A Presentation on a Place of Interest; Let Us Write: A Descriptive Essay

Let Us Explore: Kallanai, Nalanda, Hampi, and the Insect That Makes Its Own Light

▶ 4 ENVIRONMENT 23 classes

ENVIRONMENT — part 1

ENVIRONMENT — part 2

ENVIRONMENT — part 3

ENVIRONMENT — part 4

ENVIRONMENT — part 5

ENVIRONMENT — part 6

ENVIRONMENT — part 7

ENVIRONMENT — part 8

ENVIRONMENT — part 9

ENVIRONMENT — part 10

ENVIRONMENT — part 11

ENVIRONMENT — part 12

ENVIRONMENT — part 13

ENVIRONMENT — part 14

ENVIRONMENT — part 15

ENVIRONMENT — part 16

ENVIRONMENT — part 17

ENVIRONMENT — part 18

ENVIRONMENT — part 19

ENVIRONMENT — part 20

ENVIRONMENT — part 21

ENVIRONMENT — part 22

ENVIRONMENT — part 23

▶ 5 SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY 21 classes

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 1

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 2

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 3

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 4

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 5

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 6

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 7

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 8

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 9

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 10

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 11

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 12

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 13

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 14

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 15

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 16

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 17

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 18

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 19

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 20

SCIENCE AND CURIOSITY — part 21

Hindi 10 chapters

▶ 1 स्वदेश 5 classes

स्वदेश — part 1

स्वदेश — part 2

स्वदेश — part 3

स्वदेश — part 4

स्वदेश — part 5

▶ 2 दो गौरैया 10 classes

दो गौरैया — part 1

दो गौरैया — part 2

दो गौरैया — part 3

दो गौरैया — part 4

दो गौरैया — part 5

दो गौरैया — part 6

दो गौरैया — part 7

दो गौरैया — part 8

दो गौरैया — part 9

दो गौरैया — part 10

▶ 3 एक आशीर्वाद 3 classes

एक आशीर्वाद — part 1

एक आशीर्वाद — part 2

एक आशीर्वाद — part 3

▶ 4 हरिद्वार 9 classes

हरिद्वार — part 1

हरिद्वार — part 2

हरिद्वार — part 3

हरिद्वार — part 4

हरिद्वार — part 5

हरिद्वार — part 6

हरिद्वार — part 7

हरिद्वार — part 8

हरिद्वार — part 9

▶ 5 कबीर के दोहे* 6 classes

कबीर के दोहे* — part 1

कबीर के दोहे* — part 2

कबीर के दोहे* — part 3

कबीर के दोहे* — part 4

कबीर के दोहे* — part 5

कबीर के दोहे* — part 6

▶ 6 एक टोकरी भर मिट्टी 7 classes

एक टोकरी भर मिट्टी — part 1

एक टोकरी भर मिट्टी — part 2

एक टोकरी भर मिट्टी — part 3

एक टोकरी भर मिट्टी — part 4

एक टोकरी भर मिट्टी — part 5

एक टोकरी भर मिट्टी — part 6

एक टोकरी भर मिट्टी — part 7

▶ 7 मत बाँधो 6 classes

मत बाँधो — part 1

मत बाँधो — part 2

मत बाँधो — part 3

मत बाँधो — part 4

मत बाँधो — part 5

मत बाँधो — part 6

▶ 8 नए मेहमान 11 classes

नए मेहमान — part 1

नए मेहमान — part 2

नए मेहमान — part 3

नए मेहमान — part 4

नए मेहमान — part 5

नए मेहमान — part 6

नए मेहमान — part 7

नए मेहमान — part 8

नए मेहमान — part 9

नए मेहमान — part 10

नए मेहमान — part 11

▶ 9 आदमी का अनुपात 5 classes

आदमी का अनुपात — part 1

आदमी का अनुपात — part 2

आदमी का अनुपात — part 3

आदमी का अनुपात — part 4

आदमी का अनुपात — part 5

▶ 10 तरुण के स्वप्‍न 10 classes

तरुण के स्वप्‍न — part 1

तरुण के स्वप्‍न — part 2

तरुण के स्वप्‍न — part 3

तरुण के स्वप्‍न — part 4

तरुण के स्वप्‍न — part 5

तरुण के स्वप्‍न — part 6

तरुण के स्वप्‍न — part 7

तरुण के स्वप्‍न — part 8

तरुण के स्वप्‍न — part 9

तरुण के स्वप्‍न — part 10

Mathematics 14 chapters

▶ 1 A Square and A Cube 19 classes

Queen Ratnamanjuri's Will and the Hundred Lockers

Partner Factors: Why Only the Squares Stay Open

1.1 Square Numbers, the Notation n squared, and the Passcode of Primes

Patterns and Properties of Perfect Squares: The Table of Thirty and the Units Digit

Squares Ending in 6, Trailing Zeros, Parity, and the Gaps Between Squares

The Inverted L: A Proof Without Words, and 36 Squared from 35 Squared

How Many Numbers Lie Between Two Squares, Triangular Numbers, and the Door into Square Roots

Square Roots: Both Roots of 64, and Two Ways to Test 576

Method 3: Prime Factorisation, and Estimating the Square Root of 1936

Estimating the Square Root of 250, Akhil's Handkerchief, and Figure it Out Questions 1 to 7

Figure it Out Continued: The Three-Square Pattern and the 2025 Tiny Squares

1.2 Cubic Numbers: Filling a Cube with Unit Cubes

The Last Digits of Cubes, and the Hardy-Ramanujan Number 1729

Cubes as Runs of Odd Numbers, and Cube Roots by Prime Factorisation

Every Prime Factor Three Times, and Successive Differences

1.3 A Pinch of History: Varga, Ghana, and Why a Root Is Called a Root

Figure it Out on Cubes: Five Problems and the Chapter Summary

Square Pairs: Arranging 1 to 17 in a Row and 1 to 32 in a Circle

Checking Your Own Work: Reading the Book's Answer Key

▶ 2 Power Play 26 classes

An Impossible Venture: How Many Times Can You Fold a Sheet of Paper?

The Table of Thicknesses: From 0.002 cm to the Height Planes Fly

Why Every Ten Folds Multiplies the Thickness by 1024

2.2 Exponential Notation: Base, Exponent, and 32400 = 2⁴ × 5² × 3⁴

Figure it Out: Prime Factors in Exponential Form, and Numerical Values

The Stones that Shine: 3⁴ Rooms, 3⁷ Diamonds, and the Rule nᵃ × nᵇ = nᵃ⁺ᵇ

A Power of a Power: (4³)², (4²)³ and the Rule (nᵃ)ᵇ = nᵃᵇ

Magical Pond: The 29th Day, Damayanti's Two Ponds, and mᵃ × nᵃ = (mn)ᵃ

How Many Combinations: Dresses, Caps, and a Two-Digit Lock

Ten to the Fifth Passwords, and 2.3 The Other Side of Powers

Why Anything to the Power Zero Is 1, and What 2⁻¹ Means

Negative Exponents: n⁻ᵃ = 1/nᵃ, and the Power Line for 4

The Power Line for 7, and 2.4 Powers of 10 in Expanded Form

Scientific Notation: Why the Exponent Matters More Than the Coefficient

Comparing the Distances to Saturn, Uranus and the Earth in Standard Form

2.5 Did You Ever Wonder? Tulābhāra, and How to Estimate What You Cannot Count

Linear Growth against Exponential Growth: A Ladder to the Moon

Getting a Sense for Large Numbers: From Two Rhinos to Eight Billion People

From Chickens to the Drops of Water on Earth: 10¹⁰ to 10²⁵

A Different Way to Say Your Age, and What a Second, a Minute and an Hour Look Like as Powers

From the Chola Dynasty to the Age of the Universe: 10¹⁰ to 10¹⁷ Seconds

A Pinch of History: Tallakshana, Asaṅkhyeya, Googol and the Names for Powers of Ten

Figure it Out: The Units Digit of 2²²⁴ ÷ 4³², and Five Problems More

Figure it Out Continued: Circle the Equal Numbers, and Eight Problems to the End

The SUMMARY: Six Laws of Exponents in One Place, and Tremendous in Ten!

Checking Your Own Work: Reading the Book's Answer Key

▶ 3 A Story of Numbers 28 classes

3.1 Reema's Curiosity: A Page of Strange Symbols and Five Questions

From the Stone Age to Laplace: How Ten Digits Reached the Whole World

The Mechanism of Counting: Three Questions About a Herd, and Method 1

One-to-One Mapping, and Method 2: Counting with the Sounds of Letters

Method 3, and What a Number System Has to Be

Numerals, and Figure it Out: Inventing Arithmetic Without Hindu Numerals

3.2 Early Number Systems: Body Parts, and the Ishango and Lebombo Bones

Counting in Twos: The Gumulgal Number Names, and Two Peoples Who Matched Them

Three Peoples, One System, and the Limit of a Single Glance

Why One Group Size Is Not Enough, and IV. The Roman Numerals

2367 as MMCCCLXII, and Figure it Out on Roman Numerals

Adding and Multiplying in Roman Numerals, and Why It Is So Hard

Figure it Out: Gumulgal Arithmetic, and What Makes the Hindu System Efficient

3.3 The Idea of a Base: The Egyptian Number System

Building a Base-5 System of Our Own, and What Base-n Means

Adding Egyptian Numerals by Regrouping: The Advantage of a Base

Multiplying Landmark Numbers: Why a Base Makes Multiplication Easy

More Products, and the Abacus Built on the Decimal System

The Abacus in Use, and the One Thing the Egyptian System Could Not Do

3.4 Place Value: The Mesopotamian Base-60 System

Dropping the Symbols: 7530, and the Birth of Place Value

Where the Mesopotamian System Went Wrong, and Why Zero Is Indispensable

II. The Mayan Number System: A Dot, a Bar, and the Puzzling 360

III. The Chinese Rod Numerals: Zong, Heng, and Reading 2634

IV. The Hindu Number System, and Zero as a Number in Its Own Right

Figure it Out: Zong and Heng, Base-2 in Gumulgal Words, and 25 in Base 8 and Base 5

The SUMMARY: Seven Ideas That Built the Number System We Use

Checking Your Own Work: Reading the Book's Answer Key

▶ 4 Quadrilaterals 27 classes

What Makes a Figure a Quadrilateral, and What Does Not

4.1 Rectangles and Squares, and the Carpenter's Problem

Deduction 1: Why the Diagonals of a Rectangle Are Equal

Deduction 2: Why the Diagonals Bisect Each Other

Deduction 3: A 60 Degree Angle Between the Diagonals Still Gives a Rectangle

The General Proof: Any Angle x Between Equal Bisecting Diagonals

Carpenters, Farmers, and the Difference Between a Conjecture and a Proof

Deduction 4: Three Definitions of a Rectangle, and Its Four Properties

A Special Rectangle: The Square, and the First Venn Diagram

Deduction 5: The Diagonals of a Square Meet at Right Angles

Figure it Out: Angles in Rectangles, and Building One from Two Sticks

4.2 Angles in a Quadrilateral: Why They Always Add to 360 Degrees

4.3 Parallelograms: Constructing One from 4 cm, 5 cm and 30 Degrees

Deduction 6: The Angles of a Parallelogram

Deduction 7: The Opposite Sides of a Parallelogram Are Equal

Deduction 8: The Diagonals of a Parallelogram Bisect Each Other

4.4 The Rhombus: Constructing One, and Deduction 9 on Its Angles

Why Every Rhombus Is a Parallelogram, and Where the Square Sits

Deduction 10, and Figure it Out on Parallelograms and Rhombuses

4.5 Playing with Quadrilaterals: The Geoboard, and Joining Two Triangles

Joining Scalene Triangles, and 4.6 The Kite

The Trapezium, and Proving the Base Angles of an Isosceles One Equal

Figure it Out: Kites, Trapeziums, a Venn Diagram and Two Rectangles

Figure it Out Continued: Four Equal Sides, Opposite Sides Equal, and Seven True-or-False Claims

The SUMMARY: Five Quadrilaterals, Their Definitions and the Full Venn Diagram

Which Quad? Folding a Sheet Into Creases

Checking Your Own Work: Reading the Book's Answer Key

▶ 5 Number Play 16 classes

Number Play — part 1

Number Play — part 2

Number Play — part 3

Number Play — part 4

Number Play — part 5

Number Play — part 6

Number Play — part 7

Number Play — part 8

Number Play — part 9

Number Play — part 10

Number Play — part 11

Number Play — part 12

Number Play — part 13

Number Play — part 14

Number Play — part 15

Number Play — part 16

▶ 6 We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply 14 classes

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 1

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 2

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 3

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 4

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 5

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 6

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 7

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 8

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 9

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 10

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 11

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 12

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 13

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply — part 14

▶ 7 Proportional Reasoning-1 13 classes

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 1

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 2

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 3

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 4

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 5

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 6

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 7

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 8

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 9

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 10

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 11

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 12

Proportional Reasoning-1 — part 13

▶ 1 Fractions in Disguise 28 classes

Per Cent Means Out of a Hundred

Three Methods for Turning a Fraction into a Percentage

Figure it Out: Six Fractions, Nandini's Marbles, and the Long-Distance Run

Why 100 and Not 10 or 43, and Where 'Per Hundred' Came From

1.2 Percentage of Some Quantity: Who Ate More Sugar?

Free-hand Computations: The Mental Percentage Table

The FDP Trio: Fractions, Decimals and Percentages

Three Routes to 60 Marks, and the Millet Kanji Ratio

Four Ways to Finish the Ride to Agra

Percentages Greater Than 100: Kishanlal's Eight Days

Figure it Out: Missing Numbers, Bar Models and Comparisons

Figure it Out: Fill in the Blanks, and Mariam's Peculiar Bull

Word Problems, and 1.3 Using Percentages to Compare Proportions

Know Your Contents: Reading Two Badam Drink Labels

Percentage Decrease, and What Cost Price, Marked Price and Selling Price Mean

Profit and Loss Worked: The Sweater, the Old Rice, the Damaged Vase

Discounts, Gross Profit and Net Profit

Taxes: Checking the GST on a Real Bill

Figure it Out: Samson's Car, Two Buffaloes, and Cameras Down 85 Per Cent

Interest, Compounding, and Why 6000 Becomes 7986

The General Formulas: p(1 + rt) and p(1 + r) Multiplied t Times

Figure it Out: Jasmine, the Post Office, and Bacteria That Double

Decline: A Depreciating TV, a Shrinking Village, and Would You Rather?

Tricky Percentages: Cakely versus Cakify, and Surbhi's Mishap

Figure it Out: Bengaluru, World Population Shares, and GST on a Phone

Figure it Out: x% of y, the Excursion, and Three Shop Deals

Figure it Out: The 99 Per Cent Left-Handed Room, and Reading a Bar Graph

Summary of the Chapter, and the Peaceful Knights Puzzle

▶ 2 The Baudhayana-Pythagoras Theorem 17 classes

Doubling a Square: Baudhayana's Verse 1.9

A Sequence of Doubling Squares, and 2.2 Halving a Square

Why PQRS Is a Square, and 2.3 The Hypotenuse of an Isosceles Right Triangle

Trapping the Square Root of 2 Between Bounds

Euclid's Proof That the Square Root of 2 Is Not a Fraction

The General Formula c squared = 2a squared, and Examples 1 and 2

2.4 Combining Two Different Squares: Verses 1.12 and 2.1

The Four-Triangle Construction, and Why the Figure Is a Square

Combining Two Squares with Paper, and a squared plus b squared = c squared

Pythagoras, the 3-4-5 Triangle, and Figure it Out

2.5 Baudhayana Triples, and the Conjecture (3k, 4k, 5k)

Scaling Any Triple, Primitive Triples, and the Sum of Odd Numbers

Generating Triples from Odd Square Numbers

2.6 Fermat's Last Theorem and the Margin That Was Too Small

2.7 Applications: The Lotus Problem from Bhaskaracharya's Lilavati

Figure it Out: Six Triangles, a Rhombus, and Squares on a Dot Grid

The Equilateral Triangle, the Summary, and Find the Colours

▶ 3 Proportional Reasoning-2 14 classes

3.1 A Quick Recap: Testing Two Ratios by Cross-Multiplication

3.2 Ratios in Maps: What RF 1 : 60,00,000 Means

3.3 Ratios with More than Two Terms: The Spice Mix

3.4 Dividing a Whole in a Given Ratio: Concrete and Paint

Angles in a Ratio, and Figure it Out: Coins, Books and Triangles

3.5 A Slice of the Pie: Turning a Table into Angles

Constructing the Pie Chart, and Three Charts to Draw

3.6 Inverse Proportions: When More Means Less

The Rule xy = k, and Checking It on the Table

Figure it Out: Spotting Inverse Proportion in a Table

Pumps, Provisions, and Two People Working Together

Figure it Out: Which Pairs Are Inverse, and Reading Sleep Charts

Figure it Out: A Transport Pie Chart, Painters, Tanks and Chairs

Two Pumps Together, Machines, Speed, and the Summary

▶ 4 Exploring Some Geometric Themes 21 classes

4.1 Fractals, and Sierpinski's Carpet

Counting the Squares and Holes: R equals 8 to the n

The Sierpinski Gasket, and Why the Midpoints Give Four Triangles

The Koch Snowflake, and Counting Its Sides

Fractals in Art: Khajuraho, Fulani Blankets and Escher

4.2 Build It in Your Imagination: Four Cutting Puzzles

Profiles from a Viewpoint, and Eight Solids to Imagine

Making Solids: Faces, Edges and Vertices

Prisms, Pyramids, and Counting for an n-Sided Base

The Net of a Cube, and Which Shapes Really Fold

Nets of a Tetrahedron, a Cylinder and a Cone

The Octahedron, the Dodecahedron, and the Sphere That Will Not Unfold

Shortest Paths on a Cuboid: The Ant and the Laddu

The Unfolding Matters, and a Path of Exactly 40 cm

Projections, and Why a Shadow Is Shorter than the Line

One Projection, Many Objects - and the Three Views

Figure it Out: Three Views of Seven Solids

Shadows, the Sun, and Drawing Cube Stacks

Figure it Out: Reading Views Backwards, and 30 Cubes

Isometric Projection: A Cube Balanced on Its Corner

Impossible Figures on the Isometric Grid, and the Summary

▶ 5 Tales by Dots and Lines 13 classes

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 1

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 2

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 3

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 4

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 5

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 6

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 7

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 8

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 9

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 10

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 11

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 12

Tales by Dots and Lines — part 13

▶ 6 Algebra Play 5 classes

Algebra Play — part 1

Algebra Play — part 2

Algebra Play — part 3

Algebra Play — part 4

Algebra Play — part 5

▶ 7 Area 9 classes

Area — part 1

Area — part 2

Area — part 3

Area — part 4

Area — part 5

Area — part 6

Area — part 7

Area — part 8

Area — part 9

Physical Education and Well Being 6 chapters

▶ 1 Foundations of Physical Education and Well-being 9 classes

UNIT 1 — part 1

UNIT 1 — part 2

UNIT 1 — part 3

UNIT 1 — part 4

UNIT 1 — part 5

UNIT 1 — part 6

UNIT 1 — part 7

UNIT 1 — part 8

UNIT 1 — part 9

▶ 2 Physical and Motor Fitness 7 classes

UNIT 2 — part 1

UNIT 2 — part 2

UNIT 2 — part 3

UNIT 2 — part 4

UNIT 2 — part 5

UNIT 2 — part 6

UNIT 2 — part 7

▶ 3 Fundamental Skills of Sports - Athletics 10 classes

UNIT 3 — part 1

UNIT 3 — part 2

UNIT 3 — part 3

UNIT 3 — part 4

UNIT 3 — part 5

UNIT 3 — part 6

UNIT 3 — part 7

UNIT 3 — part 8

UNIT 3 — part 9

UNIT 3 — part 10

▶ 4 Fundamental Skills of Sports - Table Tennis 14 classes

UNIT 4 — part 1

UNIT 4 — part 2

UNIT 4 — part 3

UNIT 4 — part 4

UNIT 4 — part 5

UNIT 4 — part 6

UNIT 4 — part 7

UNIT 4 — part 8

UNIT 4 — part 9

UNIT 4 — part 10

UNIT 4 — part 11

UNIT 4 — part 12

UNIT 4 — part 13

UNIT 4 — part 14

▶ 5 Fundamental Skills of Sports - Volleyball 9 classes

UNIT 5 — part 1

UNIT 5 — part 2

UNIT 5 — part 3

UNIT 5 — part 4

UNIT 5 — part 5

UNIT 5 — part 6

UNIT 5 — part 7

UNIT 5 — part 8

UNIT 5 — part 9

▶ 6 Yoga 30 classes

UNIT 6 — part 1

UNIT 6 — part 2

UNIT 6 — part 3

UNIT 6 — part 4

UNIT 6 — part 5

UNIT 6 — part 6

UNIT 6 — part 7

UNIT 6 — part 8

UNIT 6 — part 9

UNIT 6 — part 10

UNIT 6 — part 11

UNIT 6 — part 12

UNIT 6 — part 13

UNIT 6 — part 14

UNIT 6 — part 15

UNIT 6 — part 16

UNIT 6 — part 17

UNIT 6 — part 18

UNIT 6 — part 19

UNIT 6 — part 20

UNIT 6 — part 21

UNIT 6 — part 22

UNIT 6 — part 23

UNIT 6 — part 24

UNIT 6 — part 25

UNIT 6 — part 26

UNIT 6 — part 27

UNIT 6 — part 28

UNIT 6 — part 29

UNIT 6 — part 30

Sanskrit 16 chapters

▶ 1 संगच्छध्ं संवदध्वम् 4 classes

संगच्छध्ं संवदध्वम् — part 1

संगच्छध्ं संवदध्वम् — part 2

संगच्छध्ं संवदध्वम् — part 3

संगच्छध्ं संवदध्वम् — part 4

▶ 2 द्वितीयः पाठः 7 classes

द्वितीयः पाठः — part 1

द्वितीयः पाठः — part 2

द्वितीयः पाठः — part 3

द्वितीयः पाठः — part 4

द्वितीयः पाठः — part 5

द्वितीयः पाठः — part 6

द्वितीयः पाठः — part 7

▶ 3 सुभाषितरसं पीत्ा 5 classes

सुभाषितरसं पीत्ा — part 1

सुभाषितरसं पीत्ा — part 2

सुभाषितरसं पीत्ा — part 3

सुभाषितरसं पीत्ा — part 4

सुभाषितरसं पीत्ा — part 5

▶ 4 प्रणम्यो देशभक्तोऽयं 4 classes

प्रणम्यो देशभक्तोऽयं — part 1

प्रणम्यो देशभक्तोऽयं — part 2

प्रणम्यो देशभक्तोऽयं — part 3

प्रणम्यो देशभक्तोऽयं — part 4

▶ 5 गीता सुगीता कर्तव्ा 5 classes

गीता सुगीता कर्तव्ा — part 1

गीता सुगीता कर्तव्ा — part 2

गीता सुगीता कर्तव्ा — part 3

गीता सुगीता कर्तव्ा — part 4

गीता सुगीता कर्तव्ा — part 5

▶ 6 डिजि‍भारतम् – युगपरिवर्तनम् 6 classes

डिजि‍भारतम् – युगपरिवर्तनम् — part 1

डिजि‍भारतम् – युगपरिवर्तनम् — part 2

डिजि‍भारतम् – युगपरिवर्तनम् — part 3

डिजि‍भारतम् – युगपरिवर्तनम् — part 4

डिजि‍भारतम् – युगपरिवर्तनम् — part 5

डिजि‍भारतम् – युगपरिवर्तनम् — part 6

▶ 7 मञ्जुलमञ्जूषा सुन्दरसुरभाषा 4 classes

मञ्जुलमञ्जूषा सुन्दरसुरभाषा — part 1

मञ्जुलमञ्जूषा सुन्दरसुरभाषा — part 2

मञ्जुलमञ्जूषा सुन्दरसुरभाषा — part 3

मञ्जुलमञ्जूषा सुन्दरसुरभाषा — part 4

▶ 8 पश्यत कोणमैशान्यं 5 classes

पश्यत कोणमैशान्यं — part 1

पश्यत कोणमैशान्यं — part 2

पश्यत कोणमैशान्यं — part 3

पश्यत कोणमैशान्यं — part 4

पश्यत कोणमैशान्यं — part 5

▶ 9 कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? 6 classes

कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? — part 1

कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? — part 2

कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? — part 3

कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? — part 4

कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? — part 5

कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? कोऽरुक् ? — part 6

▶ 10 सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (क-भागः) 6 classes

सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (क-भागः) — part 1

सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (क-भागः) — part 2

सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (क-भागः) — part 3

सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (क-भागः) — part 4

सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (क-भागः) — part 5

सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (क-भागः) — part 6

▶ 11 सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (ख-भागः) 5 classes

सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (ख-भागः) — part 1

सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (ख-भागः) — part 2

सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (ख-भागः) — part 3

सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (ख-भागः) — part 4

सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागः (ख-भागः) — part 5

▶ 12 सम्यग्वर्णप्रयोगेण ब्रह्मलोके महीयते 4 classes

सम्यग्वर्णप्रयोगेण ब्रह्मलोके महीयते — part 1

सम्यग्वर्णप्रयोगेण ब्रह्मलोके महीयते — part 2

सम्यग्वर्णप्रयोगेण ब्रह्मलोके महीयते — part 3

सम्यग्वर्णप्रयोगेण ब्रह्मलोके महीयते — part 4

▶ 13 वर्णोच्चारण-शिक्षा १ 5 classes

वर्णोच्चारण-शिक्षा १ — part 1

वर्णोच्चारण-शिक्षा १ — part 2

वर्णोच्चारण-शिक्षा १ — part 3

वर्णोच्चारण-शिक्षा १ — part 4

वर्णोच्चारण-शिक्षा १ — part 5

▶ 14 व्याकरणम् 3 classes

व्याकरणम् — part 1

व्याकरणम् — part 2

व्याकरणम् — part 3

▶ 15 शब्दरूपाणि 3 classes

शब्दरूपाणि — part 1

शब्दरूपाणि — part 2

शब्दरूपाणि — part 3

▶ 16 धातुरूपाणि 3 classes

धातुरूपाणि — part 1

धातुरूपाणि — part 2

धातुरूपाणि — part 3

Science 13 chapters

▶ 1 Exploring the Investigative 9 classes

Probe and Ponder: The Puri, the Grains of Sand, and Your Own Question

Grade 6 Wonder, Grade 7 Evolution, Grade 8 Investigation: the Root and the Kite

The First Stops: A Drop of Water, Staying Healthy, and Electric Current

Forces, Pressure, and Why a Pressure Difference Becomes a Cyclone

Zooming In: Particles, Elements, Compounds, Mixtures, and Solutions

Light, Mirrors and Lenses, the Moon's Phases, and the First Calendars

Ecosystems, and What Makes the Earth 'Just Right' for Life

Thinking Like a Scientist: The Puri Question and What You Can Control

What to Observe and Measure, One Change at a Time, and the Puri Nobody Has Solved

▶ 2 The Invisible Living 19 classes

Probe and Ponder: What If the Invisible World Became Visible?

The Lens, the Microscope, and Activity 2.1: A Flask of Water

Robert Hooke's Micrographia, Leeuwenhoek, and the Word 'Cell'

Activity 2.2: Making an Onion Peel Slide, Step by Step

Activity 2.3: Your Own Cheek Cells, and the Three Parts of a Cell

What Each Part of a Cell Does, and 2.1.1 Variation in Shape and Structure

2.2 Levels of Organisation: Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism

2.3 What Are Microorganisms? Activity 2.4 and Activity 2.5

Activity 2.6: Reading Table 2.1 and Table 2.2, and What a Virus Is

2.4 How Are We Connected to Microbes? Pickles, and Activity 2.7

How Peels Become Manure: Decomposition, Fig. 2.10, and 'Krimi'

Biogas, Chakrabarty's Oil-Eating Bacterium, and Activity 2.8

Why the Dough Rises, and Activity 2.9: Two Bowls of Milk

Lactobacillus, Rhizobium in the Root Nodules, and 2.4.3 Microalgae

Growing Spirulina in a Tank, and 2.5 Why the Cell Is the Basic Unit of Life

What Makes a Bacterial Cell Different: The Nucleoid, and the Snapshots Begin

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Label the Cell, and Aanandi's Two Test Tubes (Fig. 2.14)

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 3 to 9, and the Set-up in Fig. 2.15

Discover, Design, and Debate: Biogas, Fermented Food, and Mushrooms

▶ 3 Health: The Ultimate Treasure 22 classes

The Notice Board of Headlines, and Probe and Ponder: Five Questions About Health

3.1 Health Is More Than Not Falling Sick: Activity 3.1, the WHO Definition, and Fig. 3.1

3.2 How Can We Stay Healthy? Activity 3.2: Listing Good Habits and Bad Ones

3.2.1 Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: the Seven Rules and Fig. 3.2

3.2.2 Keep the Environment Clean: Activity 3.3, the Two Playgrounds of Fig. 3.3, and the AQI

3.3 Signs and Symptoms, and 3.4 What a Disease Is and the Two Types

3.4.1 How Communicable Diseases Spread, Fig. 3.4, and What a Vector Is

Activity 3.4 and Table 3.1, Part One: The Diseases That Travel Through the Air

Table 3.1, Part Two: The Diseases That Travel Through Water and Food

Table 3.1, Part Three: Malaria and Dengue, and the Eight Everyday Precautions

3.4.2 Non-Communicable Diseases: Deficiency Diseases, Chronic Illness, and Diabetes in India

Activity 3.5: Surveying Your Own Neighbourhood, Table 3.2, and Kamal Ranadive

3.5 Prevention Is Better Than Cure: Activity 3.6, the Bhadrak Campaign, and Immunity

Vaccines and Acquired Immunity: How They Are Made, and the Tetanus Shot

Edward Jenner, Variolation and the Teekedaars, and Think Like a Scientist: How Smallpox Was Beaten

Vaccines Are Preventive, Not Curative: India's Vaccine Production, M. K. Bhan, and 3.5.1 Antibiotics

Fleming's Chance Discovery of Penicillin, and How Antibiotic Resistance Spreads (Fig. 3.5a)

Activity 3.7 and Fig. 3.5b: Using Antibiotics Wisely, and What Traditional Medicine Can and Cannot Do

Snapshots, and Keep the Curiosity Alive: Question 1, Sorting Five Diseases

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 2 to 6, the Flu Outbreak, the Malaria Trip and Saniya's Claim

Keep the Curiosity Alive: The Dengue Bar Graph, and Questions 8, 9 and 10

Question 11, and Discover, Design, and Debate: The Health Diary, Smallpox, and CPR

▶ 4 Electricity: Magnetic 20 classes

Probe and Ponder: Four Questions About Current, Magnets, Heat and Dead Batteries

Sumana's Lifting Electromagnet at the Science Exhibition, and Activity 4.1: Building the Circuit

What the Compass Needle Does, and What a Magnetic Field Is (Fig. 4.1b)

Be a Scientist: Oersted, 1820, and Where the Magnetic Effect Is Used

4.1.1 Electromagnets and Activity 4.2: An Iron Nail, a Coil, and a Cell (Fig. 4.2)

Activity 4.3: The Coil, the Two Compasses, and What the Iron Core Changes (Fig. 4.3)

Activity 4.4: Finding the North and South Poles of an Electromagnet (Fig. 4.4)

Think Like a Scientist: What Makes an Electromagnet Stronger, and Why the Earth Is a Magnet

4.1.2 Lifting Electromagnets, and the Link That Runs Both Ways

4.2 Does a Current Carrying Wire Get Hot? Activity 4.5 and the Nichrome Wire (Fig. 4.5)

Think Like a Scientist: Two Cells Instead of One, and What the Heat Depends On

The Incandescent Lamp, the Heating Element, and Six Household Appliances (Fig. 4.6)

When the Heating Effect Becomes a Danger: Melted Plugs, Rated Wires, and the Steel Furnace

4.3 How a Battery Generates Electricity: the Voltaic Cell (Fig. 4.7), Galvani's Frog and Volta's Answer

Activity 4.6: Making a Lemon Cell That Lights an LED (Fig. 4.8), and the Metal Pairs

4.3.2 Dry Cells (Fig. 4.9) and 4.3.3 Rechargeable Batteries (Fig. 4.10 and Fig. 4.11)

Lithium-ion and Solid-State Batteries, the Snapshots, and Questions 1 and 2

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 3 to 7, Including the Column Match and Fig. 4.4a

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Sumana's Warm Wire, the Two Beakers of Fig. 4.12, and the Four Coils of Fig. 4.13

Question 11's Four Options, Discover, Design and Debate, and Why a Dead Battery Is Not Dead

▶ 5 Exploring Forces 21 classes

Probe and Ponder: The Uphill Pedal, the Wet Floor, and the Falling Swing

Sonali and Ragini's Cycle Ride, 5.1 What Is a Force? and Activity 5.1 (Fig. 5.1)

5.2 What a Force Can Do: Activity 5.2, Table 5.1 and the Five Effects (Fig. 5.2)

5.3 A Force Needs Two Objects: the Newton, and Why a Resting Object Is Not Force-Free

5.4.1 Contact Forces and Muscular Force: Fig. 5.3, Fig. 5.4, and the Muscles Inside You

The Puzzle of the Rolling Ball, and Activity 5.3: Finding the Hidden Force (Fig. 5.5)

What Friction Is, and the Hidden Irregularities of Fig. 5.6

Activity 5.4: The Same Push on Glass, Cloth, Wood, Tile and Sand - and Friction in Air and Water

5.4.2 Non-Contact Forces: Magnetic Force and the Floating Ring Magnet of Activity 5.5 (Fig. 5.7)

Electrostatic Force Begins: Activity 5.6, the Rubbed Scale and the Paper Pieces (Fig. 5.8)

Activity 5.7: Two Balloons on a Thread (Fig. 5.9), and the Two Kinds of Charge

Gravitational Force: Activity 5.8, the Ball Thrown Harder, and Fig. 5.10

Gravity Defined, Vertical Motion in Fig. 5.11, and 5.5 What Weight Means

Activity 5.9: Does the Earth Pull Everything Equally? The Spring (Fig. 5.12) and the Balance (Fig. 5.13)

Activity 5.11: Working Out the Smallest Division, and Activity 5.12: Measuring Weight (Fig. 5.14)

Mass and Weight: What Stays the Same, What Changes, and the Table of Five Worlds

Activity 5.13: The Bottle That Bounces Back (Fig. 5.15), Upthrust, and Archimedes' Principle

5.6 Floating and Sinking, the Mug That Feels Lighter, and Pumice - the Rock That Floats

Snapshots: Thirteen Lines, and Keep the Curiosity Alive Question 1 - Matching Five Forces

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 2 to 9, Including the Ball on the Incline (Fig. 5.16)

Question 10's Three Floating Objects (Fig. 5.17), and Discover, Design and Debate with the Electroscope (Fig. 5.18)

▶ 6 Pressure, Winds, Storms, and Cyclones 23 classes

Probe and Ponder: Stronger Winds, Tanks on Rooftops, and Whether Air Can Crush Us

Swirling Leaves and Two Identical Bags: 6.1 Pressure as Force Divided by Area (Fig. 6.1)

The Bucket Handle (Fig. 6.2), the Cloth Ring (Fig. 6.3), the Pascal, and a Worked Calculation

Table 6.1: The Nail, the Knife, and Why a Smaller Area Makes a Task Easier

Why Overhead Tanks Sit High (Fig. 6.4), and Activity 6.1: Two Pipes of Different Width (Fig. 6.5)

Fig. 6.6: More Water, Bigger Bulge - Pressure Depends on the Height of the Column

Activity 6.2: Four Holes in a Bottle (Fig. 6.7), and Why Liquids Press in All Directions

Why a Dam Is Broader at Its Base (Fig. 6.8), and 6.2 the Atmosphere Above Us

Activity 6.3: A Paper Plate Under Two Sheets (Fig. 6.9), Atmospheric Pressure, and the Balloon (Fig. 6.10)

Activity 6.4: The Rubber Sucker (Fig. 6.11), 2250 Newton, and Why We Are Not Crushed

6.3 How Wind Forms, and Activity 6.5: Two Balloons Joined by a Straw (Fig. 6.12)

Air Moves From High Pressure to Low, and Why the Sea Breeze and Land Breeze Reverse

6.4 Fast Wind Means Low Pressure: Activity 6.6, Blowing Between Two Balloons (Fig. 6.13)

Why Roofs Are Blown Away (Fig. 6.14), and Why Doors and Windows Are Left Open in a Storm

6.5 How a Storm Is Made: Rising Warm Air, Clouds, Rain, and the Winds of Fig. 6.15

How a Cloud Gets Charged (Fig. 6.16), and What Lightning, Thunder and a Thunderstorm Are

Kalboishakhi, Bordoisila and Mango Showers; Staying Safe (Fig. 6.17) and the Lightning Conductor (Fig. 6.18)

6.6 How a Cyclone Forms (Fig. 6.19), and the Calm Eye at Its Centre (Fig. 6.20)

What a Cyclone Leaves Behind: Amphan 2020, the Storm Surge, and How We Are Warned

Snapshots, and Keep the Curiosity Alive: The Three Vessels of Fig. 6.21 and the Two Suckers

Keep the Curiosity Alive: The Tank's Height, the Two Vessels of Fig. 6.22, Four True-or-False, and the Elephant

Keep the Curiosity Alive: The Two Boats, the Balloons of Fig. 6.24, and the Coastal Trees of Fig. 6.25

Discover, Design, and Debate: The Strip of Paper, Three Indian Cyclones, and a Thunderstorm Map

▶ 7 Particulate Nature 21 classes

Probe and Ponder: Piling Sand, Holding Water, and Whether Air Has Weight

From Mountain Rock to Grains of Sand, and Activity 7.1: Grinding a Stick of Chalk (Fig. 7.1)

Grinding Without End: What a Constituent Particle Is

Activity 7.2: Where the Sugar Goes (Fig. 7.2), and Interparticle Spaces

7.2 Interparticle Attractions, and Acharya Kanad's Parmanu

7.2.1 The Solid State: Activity 7.3 (Fig. 7.3) and the Melting Pictures of Fig. 7.4

What a Melting Point Is, the Odd Case of Ice, and Table 7.1

7.2.2 The Liquid State: Activity 7.4 and the Three Containers of Fig. 7.5

A Finger Through Water (Fig. 7.6), the Boiling Point, and Why Spilled Water Disappears

7.2.3 The Gaseous State: Activity 7.5 and the Two Gas Jars of Fig. 7.7

Why Gases Fill Everything: the Iodine Version (Fig. 7.8), and What a Fluid Is

7.3 Activity 7.6: The Syringe (Fig. 7.9), and Why Water Will Not Compress

Activity 7.7: Three Water Levels A, B and C (Fig. 7.10), and Where the Sugar Sits (Fig. 7.11)

Why Sand Does Not Dissolve, the Empty Gaps of Fig. 7.12, and What 'Particle' Can Mean

7.4 Activity 7.8: Potassium Permanganate Spreading Through Water (Fig. 7.13)

Think Like a Scientist: Hot, Room-Temperature and Ice-Cold Water

Activity 7.9: An Incense Stick in the Corner of a Room (Fig. 7.14), and How Soap Lifts Oil (Fig. 7.15)

Thermal Energy Decides the State, and the 'Let Us Wrap Up!' Table

Snapshots, and Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 1 and 2(i) to 2(iv)

Keep the Curiosity Alive: The Camphor, the Chair With No Particles, and the Candle of Fig. 7.16

Discover, Design, and Debate: The Balloon on a Bottle, Clay-Ball Models, and Atoms and Molecules

▶ 8 Nature of Matter : and Mixtures 8 classes

Nature of Matter : and Mixtures — part 1

Nature of Matter : and Mixtures — part 2

Nature of Matter : and Mixtures — part 3

Nature of Matter : and Mixtures — part 4

Nature of Matter : and Mixtures — part 5

Nature of Matter : and Mixtures — part 6

Nature of Matter : and Mixtures — part 7

Nature of Matter : and Mixtures — part 8

▶ 9 The Amazing World 18 classes

Probe and Ponder: Sugar That Stops Dissolving, and Why Bottles Are Tall

ORS, Uniform and Non-Uniform Mixtures, and 9.1 Solute, Solvent, Solution

The Chashni Puzzle, and Activity 9.1: How Much Salt Will Water Take?

Saturated and Unsaturated, Concentration, Dilute and Concentrated, Solubility

Activity 9.2: Baking Soda at 20, 50 and 70 °C, and Asima Chatterjee

9.3 Solubility of Gases: The Oxygen That Keeps a Pond Alive

9.4 Why Objects Float or Sink, and 9.5 What Density Means

The Units of Density, and What Relative Density Means

9.5.1 Measuring Mass: Activity 9.3, the Tare Button, and Mass Against Weight

Measuring Volume: Units, the Measuring Cylinder, and Activity 9.4 Begins

Activity 9.4: The Least Count of a Cylinder, and Activity 9.5: Reading the Meniscus

Activity 9.6: Volume by l × w × h, and the Problem of an Irregular Stone

Activity 9.7: Volume by Displacement, Table 9.2, and the Density of a Stone

Inside the Earth, Bamboo Rafts, and 9.5.2 Why Hot Air Rises

9.5.3 Pressure and Density, Why Ice Floats, and the Egg That Sinks

Snapshots, and Keep the Curiosity Alive: Question 1, True or False

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 2 to 9, and the Two Oranges (Fig. 9.25)

Questions 10 to 12 (Fig. 9.26), the Projects, and the Salt Wells of Ningel

▶ 10 Light: Mirrors and Lenses 18 classes

Probe and Ponder: Enlarged Images, the Side-View Warning, and the Curved Line on Glasses

Meena at the Science Centre, and Activity 10.1: Your Face in a Spoon

Concave and Convex: How a Spherical Mirror Is Actually Made

Activity 10.2 and Activity 10.3: Setting Up the Comparison

What Each Mirror Does to an Image, and Where Concave Mirrors Are Used

Convex Mirrors on Roads and in Shops, and 10.3: Activity 10.4 Begins

Incident Ray, Normal, and the Angles i and r

Table 10.1, the First Law, and Activity 10.5: The Bent Sheet

Activity 10.6: Parallel Beams on Three Mirrors, and What Converge Means

Activity 10.7: Burning Paper with a Concave Mirror, and Solar Concentrators

10.4 What Is a Lens? Activity 10.8: A Drop of Water as a Lens

The Concave Lens, and Activity 10.9: Looking Through, Not Into

Activity 10.10: Parallel Beams Through Glass, a Convex Lens and a Concave Lens

Activity 10.11, Where Lenses Are Used, and the Snapshots

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 1 to 3, and Figs. 10.21 to 10.23

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 4 to 8, and the Graph Sheet in Fig. 10.25

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 9 to 11, and the Object-Mirror-Image Diagrams

Question 12: The Pencil in the Tumbler, and the Three Projects

▶ 11 Keeping Time 20 classes

Probe and Ponder: A Moon in Daylight, and Measuring Time Without Clocks

Meera's Question at the Kite Festival, and Activity 11.1 Begins

Table 11.1, and 11.1.1 The Phases of the Moon

Waxing and Waning, Shukla and Krishna Paksha, and 11.1.2 Locating the Moon

11.1.3 Why the Moon Looks Different, and Activity 11.2 Begins

Activity 11.2: Turning with the Ball, and What Happens at A and at E

Reading Fig. 11.5: Eight Positions, and the Gibbous and Crescent Phases

Why the Moon Rises 50 Minutes Later, and Why the Phases Are Not the Earth's Shadow

11.2 Where Calendars Came From, and Activity 11.3: Measuring a Day with a Shadow

Table 11.2, the Month, the Solar Year, and 11.2.1 Lunar Calendars

11.2.2 Solar Calendars, the Leap Year, and the Tropical and Sidereal Year

11.2.3 Luni-Solar Calendars, and Uttarayan in the Taittiriya Samhita

Adhika Maasa, the Twelve Month Names, Amant and Purnimant, and 11.2.4 the Indian National Calendar

The Calendar Reform Committee, Meghnad Saha, and 11.3 Festivals in the Sky

Festivals on a Sidereal Calendar, the Rashtriya Panchang, and the Moon in Indian Art

11.4 Artificial Satellites, India's Missions, and Activity 11.4

Spotting a Satellite, Space Debris, Vikram Sarabhai, and the Snapshots

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 1 to 5, and the Errors in Fig. 11.10

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 6 to 12

Discover, Design, and Debate: Five Projects, and Why the Tides Are Also 50 Minutes Late

▶ 12 How Nature Works 20 classes

Probe and Ponder: Elephants, a Tree's Relationships, and Whether Earth Needs Us

Why Elephants Enter Farms, the Corridors That Help, and Activity 12.1

Table 12.1: Biotic and Abiotic Components, and How a Fish Lives in a Pond

Sharing One Habitat, 12.2 What a Population Is, and Activity 12.2

From Population to Community, How Pollination Works, and Activity 12.3

The Two Ponds: What Fish Do to Flowers, and 12.4 Begins

Activity 12.4: Three Criteria, and Filling In Table 12.3

What an Ecosystem Is, Aquatic and Terrestrial, and the Ladder of Fig. 12.7

Table 12.4, and the Words for Who Eats What

Activity 12.6's Food Chain, and Activity 12.7: Building the Pyramid

Trophic Levels, and Activity 12.8: From Food Chain to Food Web

12.6 Decomposers and Saprotrophs, and the Migratory Birds of Khichan

12.7 One Change Leads to Another, and Activity 12.9: Why Frog Legs Were Banned

Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, and A. J. T. Johnsingh

The Sundarbans Under Threat, and India's Protected Areas

12.9.1 Human-Made Ecosystems, the Green Revolution, and Activity 12.10

What Overuse Does to Soil, Monoculture, Vrikshayurveda, and the Snapshots

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 1 to 3, and the Circles of Fig. 12.19

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 4 to 9, and the Food Web of Fig. 12.20

The Farming Projects (Fig. 12.21), and Reflecting on Your Friends' Questions

▶ 13 Our Home: Earth, a Unique Life 19 classes

Probe and Ponder: An Earth Without Life, and Whether Plants Could Grow on Mars

The Last Chapter, ISRO's Mosaic of 3000 Images, and 13.1 The Crust as an Apple's Skin

Activity 13.1: What We Take for Granted, and 13.2 The Eight Planets

Activity 13.2: Filling In Table 13.2, and Why Venus Is Hotter Than Mercury

The Greenhouse Effect, and Why It Is Not a Plant Greenhouse

13.3.1 The Habitable Zone, the Blue Planet, and Did Mars Ever Support Life?

13.3.2 The Right Size for an Atmosphere, the Ozone Layer, and Mangalyaan

13.3.3 The Earth's Magnetic Shield, and 13.4 What Sustains Life

13.4.1 Air, Water and Sunlight, the Hydrosphere, and 13.4.2 the Geosphere

Geodiversity, the Biosphere, the Importance of Balance, and 13.5

Genes, Variation, and 13.5.1 Vegetative Propagation

Activity 13.3: Growing a Plant from a Cutting, Hydra and Planaria, and What a Gamete Is

Why No Two Children Are Alike, and Sexual Reproduction in Plants (Fig. 13.13)

Eggs and Live Young, and 13.6 The Triple Planetary Crisis

Pollution, and the Agreements from Montreal 1987 to Paris 2015

One Connected System, What Everyone Can Do, and the Snapshots

Keep the Curiosity Alive: Questions 1 to 7

Questions 8 to 12, and the Five Projects

It's Never the End, My Friend: The Last Page of the Book

Social Science 23 chapters

▶ 1 Natural Resources 18 classes

The Big Questions: What a Regenerative Economy Means

When Does Nature Become a Resource? The Three Tests

Nature as Sacred, and Why We Put Resources into Categories

Three Categories by Use: Life, Materials, Energy

Restoration and Regeneration: How Nature Renews Itself

The Condition on Renewability: Melting Glaciers and the Tuna

Ecosystem Functions and Ecosystem Services, and What Industry Discharges

Non-Renewable Resources: Why India's Coal Has About Fifty Years

Reading Fig. 1.11: The Map of India's Coal, Oil, Iron Ore and Bauxite

Who Pays for a Resource: Displacement, Wootz Steel and the Kaveri

The Natural Resource Curse, or the Paradox of Plenty

Stewardship: Groundwater Drawn Too Fast, Soil Fed Too Hard

Punjab's Groundwater: The Green Revolution's Long Bill, and Fig. 1.17

The Case of Cement, and Vrikshayurveda

Pema's Farm and Sikkim, the First Fully Organic State

The International Solar Alliance, and Who Misses Out on Clean Air

Before We Move On: The Four Conclusions, and Questions 1 to 5

A Note on History's Darker Periods: How This Book Will Treat War and Cruelty

▶ 2 Reshaping India’s Political Map 37 classes

The Big Questions, and Fig. 2.1: the Qutub Minar from the Air

Fig. 2.2: The Chapter's Timeline, 1206 to 1799, and What 'Medieval' Means

Reading Fig. 2.3: Tughlaqs, Lodis, and the Powers That Held Out

Rise of the Delhi Sultanate: Five Dynasties, and the Qutub Minar Complex

Nine Years a Sultan: Violent Successions, Ala-ud-din Khilji and Malik Kafur

Muhammad bin Tughlaq: The Capital That Moved, and Money That Failed

Iconoclasm, the Jizya, and Timur's Attack on Delhi

Resistance Begins: Narasimhadeva I, Konark, and 75 Chieftains

The Hoysalas, the Bahmani Sultanate, and Rana Kumbha

Kumbhalgarh's 36-Kilometre Wall, and the Founding of Vijayanagara

The Hare and the Hounds, the Five Deccan Sultanates, and What 'Pati' Means

Reading Fig. 2.12: Kingdoms in the Deccan and the Vijayanagara Empire

Krishnadevaraya, and the Musical Pillars of the Vitthala Temple

Domingo Paes Describes the City, and Fig. 2.14 Is Read Closely

1565: Talikota, and 1526: Babur at Panipat

Babur and India: The Baburnama, and the Second Battle of Panipat

Akbar at Chittor, Jauhar, and the Turn to Sulh-i-kul

Reading Fig. 2.16: The Mughals and the Rise of Regional Powers

'I Was Overwhelmed with Shame': Akbar's Own Account of His Change

The House of Translation at Fatehpur Sikri, and Comparing Three Maps

The Peak of Mughal Art, and the Succession That Turned Violent

Alamgir: How Aurangzeb Took the Throne, and What He Then Banned

The Argument About Aurangzeb's Motives, and the Farman of 1669

'I Came Alone and Am Going Away Alone', and How to Read a Darker Period

Rani Durgavati of Garha, and Why the Rajputs Rose Again

Haldighati 1576: Maharana Pratap, the Bhils, and the Mewar Emblem

The Ahoms and the Paik System

Saraighat 1671: 10,000 Men Against 30,000, and What Ram Singh Said

The Rise of the Sikhs: From Ik Onkar to the Khalsa

Sis Ganj Sahib, Ranjit Singh, and Fig. 2.27: The Whole Chapter in One Diagram

Administering India: The Iqta System and Akbar's Four Ministers

The Mansabdari System, and Who Was Allowed into the Administration

Todar Mal's Survey, and How India's Economy Was Built from Below

Land Revenue, Famine, and the Ports India Exported Through

The Hundi, and the Temple as an Economic Institution

Before We Move On: What the Chapter Has Established

Questions and Activities 1 to 7, and the Noodles Page

▶ 3 The Rise of the Marathas 21 classes

The Big Questions, and the Warning in the Adnyapatra

Fig. 3.2: The Maratha Timeline, 1630 to 1818, and Who the Marathas Are

Bhakti: Why a Devotional Movement Comes First in a Political Chapter

The Saints of Maharashtra, and a Boy in the Jagir at Pune

A Navy Where Nobody Had One, and Afzal Khan at Pratapgad

The Wagh Nakh, the Night Raid on Shaista Khan, and Two Sackings of Surat

Escape from Agra in a Basket, and the Coronation of 1674

Reading Fig. 3.9: Shivaji's Kingdom About 1680, Fort by Fort

Death at Fifty, and the Marathas Who Would Not Be Subdued

From One Kingdom to Many Chiefs: The Peshwas, Panipat 1761, and the British

Salaries Instead of Land: How Chhatrapati Shivaji Built an Administration

'Do Not Touch the Mango and the Jackfruit': A Letter, and the Council of Eight

Chauth and Sardeshmukhi, and the Three Arms of the Maratha Forces

'Forts Are the Core of the State': The Adnyapatra, and Kanhoji Angre

Muscat 1665, the Panchayat, and the Kotwal

Ships to Mocha and Malacca, and the Sanskrit Seal

The Mighty Maratha Women: Tarabai and Ahilyabai Holkar

The Modi Script, Jagannath at Puri, and Ekoji at Thanjavur

Serfoji II: A Printing Press, a Free Hospital, and Bharatanatyam

The Maratha Legacy, and Before We Move On

Questions and Activities 1 to 8, and the Noodles Page

▶ 4 The Colonial Era in India 33 classes

The Big Questions, and William Digby's Charge of Plunder

Fig. 4.2: The Colonial Timeline, 1498 to 1858, and What Colonialism Is

The Age of Colonialism: Five Nations and Four Motives

The 'Civilising Mission', and Reading the Cartoon in Fig. 4.3

One-Fourth of World GDP: India Before the Europeans Came

Vasco da Gama's Second Voyage, the Cartaz, and Rani Abbakka

The Goa Inquisition, and the Dutch in India

Colachel 1741, and Dupleix's Two Inventions

Reading Fig. 4.6: A Fortified, Grid-Planned Pondicherry in 1764

From Traders to Rulers, and the Painting the Company Commissioned

Divide and Rule, and the Betrayal at Plassey

The Doctrine of Lapse, the Princely States, and an Empire on the Cheap

The Bengal Famine of 1770, and W.W. Hunter's Account

Grain for Export While People Died: Lytton and the Free Market

Fifty to a Hundred Million, and the Drain of India's Wealth

45 Trillion Dollars: Naoroji, Dutt and the Men Who Counted

Reading Fig. 4.14: What 'The East Offering Its Riches to Britannia' Is Saying

Muslin to Ruin: The Decline of India's Textile Industry

'The Bones of the Cotton Weavers', and the Little Republics

Macaulay's Minute of 1835, and the Schools That Disappeared

Railways Built for Whom? Reshaping an Economy to Serve an Empire

'Indians Funded Their Own Subjugation', and the Jewel in the Crown

Reading Fig. 4.16: The British Indian Empire in 1909

The Sannyasi-Fakir Rebellion, Vande Mataram, and the Kol and Santhal Risings

How the Santhals Were Drawn in London: Reading Fig. 4.17

The Indigo Revolt, and Why 'Sepoy Mutiny' Was Rejected

Vellore 1806, the Greased Cartridges, and Mangal Pandey

Delhi, Kanpur and the Reprisals: How the Rebellion Ended

Two Heroines: Rani Lakshmibai and Begum Hazrat Mahal

The Legacy: Surveys, Archaeology, and Thousands of Stolen Artefacts

The Bhagavad Gita in English, 1785: Culture Flowing the Other Way

Before We Move On, and Questions 1 to 3

Questions and Activities 4 to 10, and the Noodles Page

▶ 5 Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System 9 classes

Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 1

Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 2

Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 3

Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 4

Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 5

Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 6

Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 7

Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 8

Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System — part 9

▶ 6 The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive 12 classes

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 1

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 2

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 3

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 4

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 5

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 6

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 7

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 8

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 9

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 10

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 11

The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive — part 12

▶ 7 Factors of Production 10 classes

Factors of Production — part 1

Factors of Production — part 2

Factors of Production — part 3

Factors of Production — part 4

Factors of Production — part 5

Factors of Production — part 6

Factors of Production — part 7

Factors of Production — part 8

Factors of Production — part 9

Factors of Production — part 10

▶ 1 World Geography: Some Glimpses 15 classes

Getting started: our planet and its places

The complexity of mapping the Earth

The blue of the Blue Planet: the oceans

Oceans, ocean currents and ocean trenches

The Great Barrier Reef

Smaller water bodies and waterways

The continents: variety on land

Asia

Europe

Africa

South America

North America

The Australian continent

Review and activities

Looking back and forward: early uprisings in Odisha

▶ 2 India’s Long Road to Independence 20 classes

Getting started: the long road to independence

A Royal Proclamation

Reform movements and other influences

The rise of the Indian National Congress

Growing discontent

The 1905 Partition of Bengal and nationalism

The nationalist agenda

The All-India Muslim League and the 1907 Surat Split

The revolutionaries

Home Rule Movement and the Lucknow Pact

Gandhi and the Non-Cooperation Movement

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre and its aftermath

The Khilafat Movement and its aftermath

Protests, repression, revenge and more revolutionary action

Purna Swaraj and Civil Disobedience

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Separate nations, World War II and the Indian National Army

The Quit India Movement

Partition, turmoil and independence

Review and activities

▶ 3 A Journey Through Indian Architecture 12 classes

Getting started: a journey through Indian architecture

The beginnings

Structural stupa architecture

Rock-cut architecture

Water structures

Classical temple architecture

The architecture of mosques

Forts and palaces

Tombs and mausoleums

Traditional houses

Churches and colonial architecture

Review and activities

▶ 4 The Role of the Judiciary in Our Society 10 classes

Getting started: the role of the judiciary

The connection between law and justice

The judicial system in India and the Supreme Court

Writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

Other jurisdictions of the Supreme Court

The High Courts and their jurisdiction

Subordinate courts and tribunals

Digital technology and the judicial system

Alternate modes of dispute resolution

Review and activities

▶ 5 Citizenship: Rights and Duties 11 classes

Getting started: citizenship, rights and duties

Who is a citizen?

Rights

Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution

Duties

Understanding duties

Rights and duties: two sides of the same coin

Discrimination

Visible and invisible discrimination

Inclusion

Review and activities

▶ 6 Dynamics of Population 10 classes

Getting started: the dynamics of population

What is demography?

Population at a glance

What determines the population of a country?

Birth and fertility rates

Death rate and migration

How do countries experience population change?

India's population: composition and trends

India's demographic dividend

Review and activities

▶ 7 India’s Urban Landscape 8 classes

Getting started: India's urban landscape

Population density in cities

How do cities become centres of economic activity?

What leads to urbanisation? The process of urbanisation

Cities as cultural hubs

Challenges faced by cities

Planning our cities

Review and activities

▶ 8 Cultural Currents: 13th to 17th Centuries 14 classes

Getting started: cultural currents, 13th to 17th centuries

Belief systems and the bhakti tradition

Regional saints and their messages

Musical traditions

From walls to paper: miniature painting

Changing landscapes: gardens

Women in society

Education and institutions of learning

Vocational education and knowledge sharing

Growth of literature and language; the development of Urdu

Developments in science and technology

Regional architectural developments and temple building

Cultural exchange in daily life: food and clothing

Review and activities

▶ 1 Introduction: How, When and Where 6 classes

How, When and Where — part 1

How, When and Where — part 2

How, When and Where — part 3

How, When and Where — part 4

How, When and Where — part 5

How, When and Where — part 6

▶ 2 From Trade to Territory The Company Establishes Power 9 classes

From Trade to Territory — part 1

From Trade to Territory — part 2

From Trade to Territory — part 3

From Trade to Territory — part 4

From Trade to Territory — part 5

From Trade to Territory — part 6

From Trade to Territory — part 7

From Trade to Territory — part 8

From Trade to Territory — part 9

▶ 3 Ruling the Countryside 8 classes

Ruling the Countryside — part 1

Ruling the Countryside — part 2

Ruling the Countryside — part 3

Ruling the Countryside — part 4

Ruling the Countryside — part 5

Ruling the Countryside — part 6

Ruling the Countryside — part 7

Ruling the Countryside — part 8

▶ 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age 6 classes

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age — part 1

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age — part 2

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age — part 3

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age — part 4

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age — part 5

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age — part 6

▶ 5 When People Revolt 1857 and After 8 classes

When People Revolt — part 1

When People Revolt — part 2

When People Revolt — part 3

When People Revolt — part 4

When People Revolt — part 5

When People Revolt — part 6

When People Revolt — part 7

When People Revolt — part 8

▶ 6 Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation 7 classes

Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation — part 1

Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation — part 2

Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation — part 3

Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation — part 4

Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation — part 5

Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation — part 6

Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation — part 7

▶ 7 Women, Caste and Reform 8 classes

Women, Caste and Reform — part 1

Women, Caste and Reform — part 2

Women, Caste and Reform — part 3

Women, Caste and Reform — part 4

Women, Caste and Reform — part 5

Women, Caste and Reform — part 6

Women, Caste and Reform — part 7

Women, Caste and Reform — part 8

▶ 8 The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-–1947 10 classes

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 — part 1

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 — part 2

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 — part 3

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 — part 4

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 — part 5

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 — part 6

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 — part 7

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 — part 8

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 — part 9

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 — part 10

Urdu 21 chapters

▶ 1 وادیٔ گنگا میں ایک رات 3 classes

وادیٔ گنگا میں ایک رات — نظم اور تفہیم

وادیٔ گنگا میں ایک رات — گرامر اور لسانی مشقیں

وادیٔ گنگا میں ایک رات — تخلیقی اظہار اور عملی کام

▶ 2 سورج کی گواہی 5 classes

سورج کی گواہی — کہانی

سورج کی گواہی — الفاظ اور پس منظر

سورج کی گواہی — تفہیم اور مطالعہ

سورج کی گواہی — زبان و بیان کی مشقیں

سورج کی گواہی — تخلیقی اور عملی کام

▶ 3 نمک کی کہانی 5 classes

نمک کی کہانی — نمک کی اہمیت اور اقسام

نمک کی کہانی — نمک ستیہ گرہ اور ڈانڈی مارچ

نمک کی کہانی — الفاظ و معنی اور فہمِ عبارت

نمک کی کہانی — گرامر اور تخلیقی اظہار

نمک کی کہانی — عملی کام

▶ 4 اشفاق اللہ خاں 4 classes

4 ܇ا܇افش܇ق ا܇ہلل اخ܇ ں — part 1

4 ܇ا܇افش܇ق ا܇ہلل اخ܇ ں — part 2

4 ܇ا܇افش܇ق ا܇ہلل اخ܇ ں — part 3

4 ܇ا܇افش܇ق ا܇ہلل اخ܇ ں — part 4

▶ 5 مٹی 1 class

مٹی — نظم اور تفہیم

▶ 6 کسانوں کا گیت 2 classes

کسانوں کا گیت — نظم اور تفہیم

کسانوں کا گیت — گرامر اور تخلیقی اظہار

▶ 7 ܇نیت وس܇ا܇ ل 6 5 classes

܇نیت وس܇ا܇ ل 6 — part 1

܇نیت وس܇ا܇ ل 6 — part 2

܇نیت وس܇ا܇ ل 6 — part 3

܇نیت وس܇ا܇ ل 6 — part 4

܇نیت وس܇ا܇ ل 6 — part 5

▶ 8 ܇اک܇ز܇ی ر܇اگن لنشین اپ܇ر܇ ک 7 5 classes

܇اک܇ز܇ی ر܇اگن لنشین اپ܇ر܇ ک 7 — part 1

܇اک܇ز܇ی ر܇اگن لنشین اپ܇ر܇ ک 7 — part 2

܇اک܇ز܇ی ر܇اگن لنشین اپ܇ر܇ ک 7 — part 3

܇اک܇ز܇ی ر܇اگن لنشین اپ܇ر܇ ک 7 — part 4

܇اک܇ز܇ی ر܇اگن لنشین اپ܇ر܇ ک 7 — part 5

▶ 9 ܇ان܇م د܇وی܇ام܇ یل 8 4 classes

܇ان܇م د܇وی܇ام܇ یل 8 — part 1

܇ان܇م د܇وی܇ام܇ یل 8 — part 2

܇ان܇م د܇وی܇ام܇ یل 8 — part 3

܇ان܇م د܇وی܇ام܇ یل 8 — part 4

▶ 10 زعفران 1 class

زعفران — ایک قیمتی مصالحہ

▶ 11 9 ܇ر܇ا܇ت ا܇و܇ر ر܇ لی 3 classes

9 ܇ر܇ا܇ت ا܇و܇ر ر܇ لی — part 1

9 ܇ر܇ا܇ت ا܇و܇ر ر܇ لی — part 2

9 ܇ر܇ا܇ت ا܇و܇ر ر܇ لی — part 3

▶ 12 10 ܇اح܇رض وج܇ا܇ ب 5 classes

10 ܇اح܇رض وج܇ا܇ ب — part 1

10 ܇اح܇رض وج܇ا܇ ب — part 2

10 ܇اح܇رض وج܇ا܇ ب — part 3

10 ܇اح܇رض وج܇ا܇ ب — part 4

10 ܇اح܇رض وج܇ا܇ ب — part 5

▶ 13 11 َسَƷی م امِن ǔ ِک اش 4 classes

11 َسَƷی م امِن ǔ ِک اش — part 1

11 َسَƷی م امِن ǔ ِک اش — part 2

11 َسَƷی م امِن ǔ ِک اش — part 3

11 َسَƷی م امِن ǔ ِک اش — part 4

▶ 14 12 ܇ا܇وی܇ر܇ ٹسی یک حتف 5 classes

12 ܇ا܇وی܇ر܇ ٹسی یک حتف — part 1

12 ܇ا܇وی܇ر܇ ٹسی یک حتف — part 2

12 ܇ا܇وی܇ر܇ ٹسی یک حتف — part 3

12 ܇ا܇وی܇ر܇ ٹسی یک حتف — part 4

12 ܇ا܇وی܇ر܇ ٹسی یک حتف — part 5

▶ 15 عزمِ و عمل 1 class

عزمِ و عمل — نظم اور تفہیم

▶ 16 ܇ا܇ے܇رش܇فی ا܇اسن܇ ون! 13 2 classes

܇ا܇ے܇رش܇فی ا܇اسن܇ ون! 13 — part 1

܇ا܇ے܇رش܇فی ا܇اسن܇ ون! 13 — part 2

▶ 17 ܇اہ܇یک اک اج܇د܇ و رگ 14 4 classes

܇اہ܇یک اک اج܇د܇ و رگ 14 — part 1

܇اہ܇یک اک اج܇د܇ و رگ 14 — part 2

܇اہ܇یک اک اج܇د܇ و رگ 14 — part 3

܇اہ܇یک اک اج܇د܇ و رگ 14 — part 4

▶ 18 ܇ونصم܇یع ذ܇اہ܇ تن 15 4 classes

܇ونصم܇یع ذ܇اہ܇ تن 15 — part 1

܇ونصم܇یع ذ܇اہ܇ تن 15 — part 2

܇ونصم܇یع ذ܇اہ܇ تن 15 — part 3

܇ونصم܇یع ذ܇اہ܇ تن 15 — part 4

▶ 19 اسٹیفن ہاکنگ 1 class

اسٹیفن ہاکنگ — عزم و ہمت کی مثال

▶ 20 16 ܇اغیپ܇م ر܇اس܇ ین 4 classes

16 ܇اغیپ܇م ر܇اس܇ ین — part 1

16 ܇اغیپ܇م ر܇اس܇ ین — part 2

16 ܇اغیپ܇م ر܇اس܇ ین — part 3

16 ܇اغیپ܇م ر܇اس܇ ین — part 4

▶ 21 ܇یتین ƛشƶ تک م 1 class

܇یتین ƛشƶ تک م

Vocational Education 7 chapters

▶ 1 Using physical tools/equipment for carrying out different 19 classes

Work with Life Forms, and What Project 1 Sets Out to Do

Why Grow Without Soil: Soil Degradation, and What Hydroponics Means

What Will I Need: Reading the Six Materials Lists of Figure 1.3

How Do I Keep Myself and Others Safe? Sharp Tools, Electricity and Water

Table 1.1: Everything Soil Gives a Plant, and How Water Can Give It Instead

Activity 1: The Field Visit to a Hydroponic Farm, and Table 1.2

Questions to Ask the Expert, and Table 1.3: A Seven-Week Growing Plan

Activity 2: Growing Microgreens - the Six Printed Steps of Figure 1.5

Seed Leaves and True Leaves, Table 1.4, and What Microgreens Cannot Do

Activity 3: A Wick Hydroponic System from a PET Bottle (Figure 1.6)

Table 1.5, Capillary Action, and Keeping a Wick System Alive

Activity 4: Deep Water Culture - Dissolved Oxygen and the Steps of Figure 1.8

Tables 1.6 and 1.7: Costing a DWC Unit, and Reading the Colour of Its Roots

Activity 5: The Nutrient Film Technique - Building the PVC System of Figure 1.9

Tables 1.8 and 1.9, the AI-DISC App, and Why NFT Needs No Aerator

Activity 6: Brewing Compost Tea (Figure 1.10), and Table 1.10

Activity 7: Maintaining Water pH - the Four Steps of Figure 1.11

Table 1.11, What Did I Learn from Others, and Strong Against Weak Acids

Your Own Timeline, What Else Can I Do, and Think and Answer

▶ 2 Gaining clarity about what is to be done and reaching the final 20 classes

Project 2 Opens: Livestock, the Bhimbetka Caves, and Why Animals Are Cared For

Animal Husbandry, Ethical Practice, and the Four Things You Will Do

The Tools of Figure 2.4, and Staying Safe Around a Large Animal

Activity 1: A Visit to a Farm, and the First Five Questions

Table 2.1: Feeding, Water, Bathing, Shelter, Health and Waste

Activity 2: The Veterinary Clinic, the VCI, and India's 43 Native Cattle Breeds

Table 2.2 and Table 2.3: The Animals, Breeds and Fodder of Your Own Area

Activity 3: Vaccination Drives, and the Six Questions to Ask the Vet

Table 2.4: The Annual Vaccination Schedule, and What Comes Next

Activity 4: Choosing a Safe Animal, Visual Observation, and the Flank (Figure 2.8)

Counting Breaths, Taking a Body Temperature, and Table 2.5

Activity 5: Estimating an Animal's Weight by Schaeffle's Formula

Activity 6: Dry Matter, and a Feeding Chart for a 32 kg Goat

Activity 7: What Silage Is, and the Science of Fermenting Green Fodder

Filling and Sealing the Silage Bag (Figure 2.11), and Judging the Result

Activity 8: Treating Dry Fodder with Jaggery and Salt (Figure 2.12)

Activity 9: Offering the Feed and Reading the Animal's Response

Activity 10: Ticks, Indigestion, and the Home Remedies Farmers Use (Table 2.10)

Designing a First-Aid Box for Livestock, and What I Learnt from Others

Your Timeline, What Else Can I Do, and Think and Answer

▶ 3 Materials 16 classes

Work with Machines and Materials, and What Project 3 Sets Out to Do

Why Wood Is Still Used: Padmanabhapuram, Renewable Resource and Bamboo

The Tool List of Figure 3.5, and Staying Safe in a Workshop

Hardwood and Softwood: Which Tree for Which Job, and the Fingernail Test

Activity 1: Visiting a Carpenter's Workshop, and the Six Questions of Table 3.1

Activity 2: The Four Joints of Figure 3.6

Fasteners, and Hinges for the Parts That Move (Figure 3.7)

Table 3.2: Taking an Object Apart on Paper, and Choosing What to Make

Why a Prototype, and the Three Steps of Figure 3.9

Reviewing the Prototype, and Activity 4: Making a Wooden Coaster

Basic Skills of Figure 3.13: Sketching, Measuring, Cutting, Sanding, Planing, Drilling

Assembly, Varnishing, and the Five Questions That Close the Wood Activity

Activity 5: The Parts of a Bamboo Plant, and Why the Culm Is Used (Figure 3.15)

The Seven Steps of Figure 3.17, and Reflecting on the Bamboo Product

Activity 6: Costing the Product (Table 3.3), and Activity 7: Repairs (Table 3.4)

What I Learnt from Others, the Timeline, the Ektara, and Think and Answer

▶ 4 Connecting the activities done in school to the world of work 17 classes

Project 4 Opens: What Automation Is, and How Nature Got There First

Figure 4.2: Six Stages in the Journey of Automation

The Five Outcomes, and the Eleven Components of Figure 4.3

The Three Sensors of Figure 4.4, and Working Safely with Electronics

The Circuit Symbols, and Why an Electronic Circuit Never Touches the AC Mains

Activity 1: Finding the Automation Already Around You (Table 4.1)

Activity 2: Testing a Circuit in Simulation Before You Build It (Figure 4.6)

Activity 3: Building a Real Circuit from Physical Components (Figure 4.7)

Activity 4: Why a Circuit Needs Senses, and the Three-Step Automation Cycle

The Microcontroller as the Brain of the Circuit, and What a Programme Is

Output Devices, the Breadboard for Prototyping, and Microcontroller Pins

The Pins of Figure 4.12, and Making an LED Blink Step by Step

Activity 5: Writing the Input, Process and Output of a Real Device

The Smart Light Specification, and Activity 6: Designing Your Own System

Reflect on Your Learnings: Six Questions About the System You Built

What Did I Learn from Others, and Your Own Timeline

Powering a System in the Field, and Think and Answer

▶ 5 Assessing work done in terms of quantity and quality 18 classes

Work in Human Services, and What a Water Audit Is

What Data Is, and Why It Must Be Accurate, Reliable and Trusted

India's Water: Four Per Cent of the Freshwater, Eighteen Per Cent of the People

What Will I Need, Staying Safe on a Survey, and Primary Against Secondary Data

Activity 1: Measuring Water - Units, Household Utensils and Flow Rate

Water Storage in the Locality (Figure 5.5), and Three Questions to Answer

Activity 2: Interviewing the Water Supply Official, and Mapping the Sources

Activity 3: Choosing the Households, and What a Machine Costs in Water

Table 5.1: The Survey Form, and the Integrity of Data

Tables 5.2 and 5.3: Analysing the Survey with a Spreadsheet

Activity 4: Estimating the Rainwater of a Whole District (Table 5.4)

Activity 5: Comparing Your Figure with the Prescribed 55 Litres, and Citing a Source

Activity 6: Finding the Wastage Points and Measuring a Drip

Fixing a Leaking Tap: the Six Steps of Figure 5.9

Flow Caps and Aerators, and the Three Principles of Groundwater Recharge

Activity 7: Greywater, and Building a Reed Bed System (Figures 5.15 and 5.16)

Activity 8: Estimating Future Demand (Tables 5.6 and 5.7)

What I Learnt from Others, the Timeline, What Else Can I Do, and Think and Answer

▶ 6 Applying what is learnt in school to daily life 12 classes

Applying what is learnt in school to daily life — part 1

Applying what is learnt in school to daily life — part 2

Applying what is learnt in school to daily life — part 3

Applying what is learnt in school to daily life — part 4

Applying what is learnt in school to daily life — part 5

Applying what is learnt in school to daily life — part 6

Applying what is learnt in school to daily life — part 7

Applying what is learnt in school to daily life — part 8

Applying what is learnt in school to daily life — part 9

Applying what is learnt in school to daily life — part 10

Applying what is learnt in school to daily life — part 11

Applying what is learnt in school to daily life — part 12

▶ 7 Working collaboratively in groups while ensuring individual 1 class

Working collaboratively in groups while ensuring individual

Middle Stage
Classes

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Middle Stage — The Classes

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Middle StageClasses

💡What is Middle Stage?

🚀What a pupil gets

Middle Stage — The Classes

Want Middle Stage running in your school?

Middle Stage
Classes

💡
What is Middle Stage?

🚀
What a pupil gets